{"id":13035,"date":"2019-08-01T00:12:15","date_gmt":"2019-07-31T16:12:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp-productionenv-bjg9h2g2bgg5b8aa.southeastasia-01.azurewebsites.net\/news\/mars-2020-rover-on-track-for-launch-next-july\/"},"modified":"2019-08-01T00:12:15","modified_gmt":"2019-07-31T16:12:15","slug":"mars-2020-rover-on-track-for-launch-next-july","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/news\/mars-2020-rover-on-track-for-launch-next-july\/","title":{"rendered":"Mars 2020 rover on track for launch next July"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_39918\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-39918\" style=\"width: 678px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-39918\" src=\"http:\/\/spaceflightnow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/PIA23212-16.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"678\" height=\"381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spaceflightnow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/PIA23212-16.jpg 900w, https:\/\/spaceflightnow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/PIA23212-16-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spaceflightnow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/PIA23212-16-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/spaceflightnow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/PIA23212-16-678x381.jpg 678w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-39918\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">In this image, taken July 19 in the clean room of the Spacecraft Assembly Facility at NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California, the rover\u2019s 7-foot-long (2.1-meter-long) arm maneuvers its 88-pound (40-kilogram) sensor-laden turret as it moves from a deployed to a stowed configuration. Credit: NASA\/JPL-Caltech<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The launch of NASA\u2019s Mars 2020 rover is less than a year away, and the steady pace of work inside the craft\u2019s pristine assembly hall in California is keeping the mission on schedule for liftoff from Cape Canaveral next July, despite growing costs, according to mission managers.<\/p>\n<p>Based on the Curiosity rover currently exploring Mars, the Mars 2020 rover will weigh more than a ton when it heads for the Red Planet next year. Engineers at NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory will install the final components inside the robot in the next few weeks. Once completed, the rover will go through a series of functional and environmental tests to ensure it is ready for Mars.<\/p>\n<p>The plutonium-powered rover is scheduled for lift off July 17, 2020, from Cape Canaveral on top of a United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rocket. While teams assemble the rover at JPL, engineers are also finalizing work on the mission\u2019s cruise and descent stages, which will protect the rover on its flight from Earth and through the Martian atmosphere for landing Feb. 18, 2021.<\/p>\n<p>Aside from a ceremonial team photo, Mars 2020 scientists and engineers treated this year\u2019s July 17 \u2014 marking one year before launch \u2014 like a regular work day, assuming one\u2019s job involves building an interplanetary robot.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe are getting very, very close (to finishing the rover),\u201d said Matt Wallace, the Mars 2020 mission\u2019s deputy project manager at JPL. \u201cI would say we are over 95 percent there, maybe even 98. We really just have a handful of things left.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019re less than a year from launch, and we\u2019re just a handful of months from starting to deliver hardware to the Cape,\u201d said Jim Watzin, director of NASA\u2019s Mars exploration program, in a July 26 meeting of the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group.<\/p>\n<p>In June, workers inside the Spacecraft Assembly Facility at JPL installed the Mars 2020 rover\u2019s remote sensing mast, six wheels and the 7-foot-long (2.1-meter) robotic arm. Crews at JPL also added the rover\u2019s scientific instruments to the vehicle, many of which are directly mounted to the remote sensing mast, which will raise up to a height of more than 7 feet (2.2 meters) after landing on Mars, or to the end of the robot arm.<\/p>\n<p>The engineering work on the Mars 2020 rover has been hastened by JPL\u2019s experience building the Curiosity rover.<\/p>\n<p>But the new rover features different instruments to search for signs of ancient microbial life on Mars, adding fresh capabilities to the toolkit built for Curiosity. The Mars 2020 rover also carries an untried set of internal mechanisms to collect, store and seal rock core samples for return to Earth on a future mission, a new wheel design to avoid problems that plagued Curiosity, and a major upgrade known as terrain relative navigation to steer the rover\u2019s descent stage away from boulders, craters and other obstacles upon landing.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/aT9kxH894lo\" width=\"678\" height=\"381\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>The science instruments and Sample Caching System proved to be the most difficult part of developing the Mars 2020 mission, but there\u2019s light at the end of the tunnel.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAll the instruments are on. All of them are there,\u201d Wallace said in a recent interview with Spaceflight Now.<\/p>\n<p>One of the final major instrument deliveries to the JPL clean room was SuperCam, an intricate suite of sensors, including a camera, laser and spectrometers, designed to zap Martian rocks from more than 20 feet (6 meters) away to measure their chemical and mineral make-up, with the ability to identify organic molecules.<\/p>\n<p>Developed by an international team in the United States, France and Spain, the SuperCam instrument is an upgraded version of the ChemCam instrument currently operating on NASA\u2019s Curiosity rover, which arrived at Mars in 2012.<\/p>\n<p>SuperCam is fixed to the top of the Mars 2020 rover\u2019s remote sensing mast, alongside the first zoom-capable camera to fly to the Red Planet. Martian weather sensors provided by Spain are also mounted to the mast.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOn SuperCam, the French partners really came through in a big way and held schedule for the last six months, just working night and day to get it done,\u201d Wallace said. \u201cThe last couple of instruments out on the end of the arm \u2014 PIXL and SHERLOC \u2014 those were delivered in the last couple of weeks, and that finished off the surface (science) instruments.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>PIXL stands for the Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry. It will measure the chemical elements present in Martian rocks and soils.&nbsp;The Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals, or SHERLOC, instrument carries an ultraviolet laser and spectrometer to detect organic materials and minerals on the surface of Mars, along with an accompanying context camera.<\/p>\n<p>SHERLOC survived a termination review earlier this year after teams experienced technical difficulties with the instrument, driving up its cost. The SHERLOC team resolved an issue with a high-voltage power supply and delivered the instrument for integration with the rover earlier this month.<\/p>\n<p>Engineers putting together the rover at JPL installed the robot arm\u2019s turret July 11. The turret is an 88-pound (40-kilogram) package containing the PIXL and SHERLOC instruments, along with cameras, which the arm can place against Martian rocks to obtain fine-scale measurements.<\/p>\n<p>The turret also holds a percussive drill and coring mechanism to collect rock samples for eventual return to Earth.<\/p>\n<p>The Mars 2020 team activated the robotic arm for a motion test July 19.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis was our first opportunity to watch the arm and turret move in concert with each other, making sure that everything worked as advertised \u2014 nothing blocking or otherwise hindering smooth operation of the system,\u201d said Dave Levine, integration engineer for Mars 2020. \u201cStanding there, watching the arm and turret go through their motions, you can\u2019t help but marvel that the rover will be in space in less than a year from now and performing these exact movements on Mars in less than two.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>There are two other instruments on the Mars 2020 rover. The MOXIE payload will demonstrate the production of oxygen from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Mars, and a Norwegian-developed ground-penetrating radar will study the Red Planet\u2019s underground geologic structure.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat last year or 18 months leading up to system integration are probably the most stressful and trying times of a project, and it\u2019s no exception for Mars 2020,\u201d Watzin said. \u201cThey have a lot challenging payloads that go on that rover, and as they work their way though performance testing and environmental testing, no surprise, we discovered some issues that had to be addressed, and we\u2019ve had to iterate and repeat.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Space enthusiasts can watch a live video feed from inside the Mars 2020 clean room at JPL, showing workers as they build up the rover, which spans about 10 feet (3 meters) long, 9 feet (2.7 meters) wide, and 7 feet (2.2 meters) tall.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/PaNiYPglK58\" width=\"678\" height=\"381\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>One of the last major items to be added to the rover is a package of sophisticated instrumentation designed to sort, transfer and store rock samples for retrieval by a future robotic Mars mission that will return the specimens to Earth.<\/p>\n<p>The Sample Caching System is a complicated piece of equipment, with 17 separate motors, a rotating wheel containing nine drill bits, and 43 tubes to hermetically seal core samples drilled from Martian rocks.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe most substantial thing (left to install) is what we call the caching system,\u201d Wallace said. \u201cThere\u2019s a set of mechanisms that sit just inside the front of the vehicle. They\u2019re not externally visible, but when we take the sample using the drill out of the end of the robot arm, we transfer it back to the through something call a bit carousel on the front of the vehicle, and into the internal mechanisms and the caching assembly and the tubes get inspected, sealed and stored in there.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The portion of the caching system inside the rover is called the Adaptive Caching Assembly, which consists of more than 3,000 parts alone.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s a small robot arm in there, which does the manipulation, and hardware that does the sealing and inspection (of the tubes) and those sorts of things,\u201d Wallace said. \u201cThat\u2019s really the most substantial thing left.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The caching tubes themselves, each sterilized with extreme heat in an oven, will be installed on the rover at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida next year. Managers want to minimize the exposure of the tubes to contamination before launch to help ensure the specimens are pristine when they come back to Earth.<\/p>\n<p>After collecting the core samples, the Mars 2020 rover will drop some of the tubes at \u201cdepots\u201d on Mars for pick-up by a future mission, which will include a lander and rocket to lift the samples back into space for return to Earth.<\/p>\n<p>Teams at JPL will also attach the Mars Helicopter \u2014 the first vehicle built to fly through the atmosphere of another planet \u2014 to the belly of the Mars 2020 rover in the coming days.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAnd the helicopter,\u201d Wallace added. \u201cThe helicopter will be going on (soon). It sits up underneath the vehicle. That\u2019ll be it.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Then engineers will prepare for a series of tests in the autumn, beginning with a vibration test with the rover attached to its sky crane descent stage, the same type of landing vehicle that delivered the Curiosity rover to Mars.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe are advancing on all fronts \u2014 including completion of the cruise stage that will guide us to Mars and the sky crane descent landing system that will gently lower us to the surface,\u201d said John McNamee, the Mars 2020 project manager at JPL. \u201cAnd the rover is not only looking more and more like a rover each day, it\u2019s acting like one.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The rover will then be detached from its descent stage to go through a thermal vacuum test, a check of the vehicle\u2019s resilience to the cold temperatures and low atmospheric pressure on Mars. A test of the rover\u2019s electromagnetic properties is also planned, according to Wallace.<\/p>\n<p>The Mars 2020 cruise stage is scheduled to ship to the Kennedy Space Center in Florida in December, followed by the cross-country air cargo flight of the rover and descent stage from California to Florida in February.<\/p>\n<p>Wallace said the heat shield that will protect the rover as it plunges into the Martian atmosphere should be ready for transport from a Lockheed Martin facility in Colorado to KSC by the end of the year, too.<\/p>\n<p>Lockheed Martin built a new heat shield for Mars 2020 after the structure originally intended for the mission \u2014 a spare left over from the development of Curiosity \u2014 cracked during ground testing last year.<\/p>\n<p>NASA reported earlier this year that the total cost of the Mars 2020 mission, which is designed to operate on Mars for two Earth years, was expected to exceed the agency\u2019s previous budget commitment of $2.4 billion. But Watzin said July 26 that the Mars 2020 has \u201cadequate schedule reserves\u201d to deliver hardware to the launch site on time.<\/p>\n<p>After stacking the rover, descent stage and cruise stage, ground teams will hoist the entire spacecraft on top a ULA Atlas 5 rocket and connect the rover\u2019s nuclear power source ahead of the opening of the mission\u2019s 20-day primary launch period.<\/p>\n<p>Earlier this month, NASA authorized the fueling of Mars 2020\u2019s nuclear power generator with plutonium-238.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_35546\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-35546\" style=\"width: 1400px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35546\" src=\"http:\/\/spaceflightnow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/PIA22105-16.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1400\" height=\"788\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spaceflightnow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/PIA22105-16.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/spaceflightnow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/PIA22105-16-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spaceflightnow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/PIA22105-16-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/spaceflightnow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/PIA22105-16-678x381.jpg 678w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-35546\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist\u2019s concept of the Mars 2020 rover. Credit: NASA\/JPL-Caltech<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Launches directly from Earth to Mars are possible every 26 months, and next year\u2019s launch opportunities begin July 17.<\/p>\n<p>Based on the latest trajectory analysis, the launch window July 17 will open at 1300 GMT (9 a.m. EDT), with daily windows of between one and two hours available each day through Aug. 5. Mars 2020 will fly on the same variant of the Atlas 5 \u2014 with four solid rocket boosters \u2014 that launched the Curiosity rover in 2011.<\/p>\n<p>NASA plans to oversee a naming competition beginning this fall to give U.S. primary and secondary school students a chance to select a name for the Mars 2020 rover.<\/p>\n<p>The mission will target a landing in Jezero Crater, home to an ancient river delta and lake that scientists believe filled the crater some 3.5 billion to 3.9 billion years ago.<\/p>\n<p><b><i>Email the author.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Follow Stephen Clark on Twitter: @StephenClark1.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this image, taken July 19 in the clean room of the Spacecraft Assembly Facility at NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California, the rover\u2019s 7-foot-long (2.1-meter-long) arm maneuvers its 88-pound (40-kilogram) sensor-laden turret as it moves from a deployed to a stowed configuration. Credit: NASA\/JPL-Caltech The launch of NASA\u2019s Mars 2020 rover is less than [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[724,403,1183,428,472,367,1761,190],"class_list":["post-13035","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","tag-atlas-5","tag-isru","tag-jet-propulsion-laboratory","tag-kennedy-space-center","tag-lockheed-martin","tag-mars","tag-mars-2020","tag-nasa"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13035"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13035"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13035\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13035"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13035"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13035"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}