{"id":14090,"date":"2018-01-07T01:40:25","date_gmt":"2018-01-06T17:40:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp-productionenv-bjg9h2g2bgg5b8aa.southeastasia-01.azurewebsites.net\/news\/legendary-astronaut-john-w-young-dies\/"},"modified":"2018-01-07T01:40:25","modified_gmt":"2018-01-06T17:40:25","slug":"legendary-astronaut-john-w-young-dies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/news\/legendary-astronaut-john-w-young-dies\/","title":{"rendered":"Legendary astronaut John W. Young dies"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
John Young pictured through spacecraft window prior to launch of Gemini 3 mission. Photo: NASA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Legendary astronaut John Young, who twice ventured into space in pioneering two-man Gemini capsules, orbited the moon and then walked on its cratered surface before commanding two space shuttle missions, including the program\u2019s maiden flight, has passed away.<\/p>\n

NASA confirmed the death early Saturday in a posting on Twitter: \u201cWe\u2019re saddened by the loss of astronaut John Young, who was 87. Young flew twice to the Moon, walked on its surface & flew the first Space Shuttle mission. He went to space six times in the Gemini, Apollo & Space Shuttle programs.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tweeted astronaut Terry Virts: \u201cRest In peace John Young. You were one of my heroes as an astronaut and explorer and your passion for space will be missed.\u201d<\/p>\n

A veteran Navy test pilot and Georgia Tech graduate who brought an engineer\u2019s keen eye to three generations of spacecraft \u2014 and NASA management \u2014 Young was the first man to fly in space six times and the only astronaut to fly aboard Gemini and Apollo capsules and the space shuttle. He served as chief of NASA\u2019s astronaut corps from 1974 to 1987, overseeing 25 shuttle flights during the program\u2019s formative years.<\/p>\n

Across a 42-year career at NASA, Young was a relentless advocate for flight safety, firing off countless memos that occasionally made him a thorn in the side of NASA management, especially in the wake of the 1986 Challenger disaster. Throughout it all, he brought a dry wit and ready smile that belied a near photographic memory and encyclopedic knowledge of complex space systems.<\/p>\n

He also brought a legendary cool nerve to an inherently dangerous job that amazed his compatriots.<\/p>\n

\u201cI found out from the flight surgeon later on that my heartbeat was 144 at liftoff,\u201d Charlie Duke, one of Young\u2019s crewmates on the Apollo 16 moon landing mission, said of his reaction to launch atop a Saturn 5 rocket. \u201cJohn\u2019s (heartbeat) was 70.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cI was either calmer than I thought I was or, as I later noted in the space shuttle, I was too old for it to go any faster,\u201d he quipped in his memoir \u201cForever Young: A Life of Adventure in Air and Space.\u201d<\/p>\n

He famously smuggled a corned beef sandwich aboard his first Gemini mission and was caught on a \u201chot microphone\u201d between moonwalks, using colorful language to discuss excessive flatulence that he said was caused by drinking too much orange juice.<\/p>\n

\u201cNo doubt the orange growers down in my home state of Florida and the company that made Tang, General Foods, weren\u2019t too happy with my comments, if they heard them,\u201d Young wrote in his memoir. \u201cIt made us wish \u2018the breakfast drink of astronauts\u2019 had never been invented!\u201d<\/p>\n

Before blasting off aboard the shuttle Columbia on the first flight of the winged orbiter \u2014 the first time anyone had launched aboard an untried spacecraft \u2014 Young was asked if he had any worries.<\/p>\n

\u201cAnyone who sits on top of the largest hydrogen-oxygen fueled system in the world, knowing they\u2019re going to light the bottom, and and doesn\u2019t get a little worried, does not fully understand the situation,\u201d he famously deadpanned.<\/p>\n

\u201cHe was a living legend,\u201d said Andrew Chaikin, author of \u201cA Man on the Moon: The Voyages of the Apollo Astronauts.\u201d \u201cHe had this kind of manner about him, he brought this kind of \u2018I don\u2019t understand the W matrix or anything like that, but what gets me is\u2019 and then he\u2019d say what was on his mind and it would just nail the problem. I think he did that to keep people on their toes.\u201d<\/p>\n

Young was a \u201cprofound believer that humanity should be a multi-planet species,\u201d Chaikin said. He used to talk about how if we stay on this planet for too long, something\u2019s going to get us, whether it was a super volcano or whatever. He really was a true believer.\u201d<\/p>\n

Young\u2019s career reads like a chapter from \u201cThe Right Stuff.\u201d<\/p>\n

A naval aviator and test pilot, Young logged more than 15,275 hours flying time in a variety of aircraft, including 9,200 hours in T-38 jets. He spent 835 hours in space across his six NASA flights, serving as co-pilot of the first Gemini mission in 1965, commander of a second Gemini flight in 1966, lunar module pilot for Apollo 10 in 1969, commander of Apollo 16 in 1972 and commander of the first shuttle flight in 1981.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Astronaut John W. Young in a shuttle era portrait. Photo: NASA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

His sixth and final spaceflight came as commander of Columbia for the ninth shuttle mission in 1983, carrying a European Spacelab module into orbit that served as a test bed of sorts for the kind of research now carried out aboard the International Space Station.<\/p>\n

He was in training to command a record seventh mission \u2014 launch of the Hubble Space Telescope \u2014 when Challenger exploded in 1986. In the delay that followed, and the turmoil that ensued, the Hubble launch was put on hold and Young was forced out as chief astronaut.<\/p>\n

He stayed at NASA in an advisory capacity, waging an ongoing battle to improve shuttle safety.<\/p>\n

\u201cJohn Young was the consummate space man,\u201d Chaikin said. \u201cI can\u2019t think of anybody else more devoted to NASA and the space program. In his bones, he was a space explorer.\u201d<\/p>\n

Born Sept. 24, 1930, in San Francisco, Young grew up in Orlando, Fla., attended Georgia Institute of Technology and earned a bachelor\u2019s degree in aeronautical engineering in 1952.<\/p>\n

He then joined the Navy, serving aboard a destroyer before earning his wings. After four years with Fighter Squadron 103, Young was assigned to the Navy Test Pilot School, setting two time-to-climb records flying F-4 Phantoms. In September 1962, Young was selected in NASA\u2019s second group of astronauts, following the original seven Mercury astronauts.<\/p>\n

Three years later, on March 23, 1965, Young blasted off with Mercury astronaut Virgil \u201cGus\u201d Grissom, the second American in space, atop a Titan rocket on the maiden flight of NASA\u2019s two-man Gemini capsule. Grissom and Young tested the spacecraft\u2019s ability to change orbits \u2014 critical for future rendezvous missions \u2014 and put NASA\u2019s first flight computer through its paces.<\/p>\n

Young commanded his second flight, Gemini 10, launching with future Apollo 11 astronaut Mike Collins, on July 18, 1966. During the three-day mission, Young rendezvoused with an Agena target stage and then flew in formation with the spacecraft while Collins walked in space to retrieve a micrometeoroid experiment package.<\/p>\n

The Gemini program helped NASA develop the rendezvous and spacewalk techniques needed or Apollo missions to the moon. The Apollo 8 crew orbited the moon in 1968, the Apollo 9 astronauts tested the lunar lander in Earth orbit and Young, along with Apollo 10 crewmates Tom Stafford and Gene Cernan, flew to the moon in May 1969 to test the landing module in lunar orbit.<\/p>\n

With Young staying behind in the Apollo command module, Stafford and Cernan descended to within 47,000 feet of the moon\u2019s surface in the lunar lander, carrying out a dress rehearsal of the techniques and procedures that would be used two months later when Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin carried out the first piloted landing on the moon.<\/p>\n

\u201cApollo 10 had flown for eight days, three minutes and twenty three seconds,\u201d Young wrote in his memoir. \u201cLater, when I entered the basic facts and figures of Apollo 10 into my pilot\u2019s logbook, I wrote only \u2018It was a great hop.’\u201d<\/p>\n

In April 1972, Young commanded the Apollo 16 mission, landing on the lunar surface with Duke while Ken Mattingly orbited above in the command module. Young and Duke drove an electric moon buggy over 16 miles around the landing site, collecting about 200 pounds or rocks in the Descartes highlands during three moonwalks.<\/p>\n

During the first excursions, mission control told the moonwalkers the House of Representatives had approved a budget that included funds for development of the space shuttle.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe country needs that shuttle mighty bad,\u201d Young replied from the moon\u2019s surface. \u201cYou\u2019ll see.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"
John Young leaps from the lunar surface as he salutes the United States flag during the Apollo 16 moon mission. Photo: NASA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

After a final moon landing mission, NASA began full-scale development of the space shuttle. Young became chief astronaut in 1974 and helped with planning the 1975 Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, a mission born in superpower detente that called for U.S. and Soviet spacecraft to dock in orbit.<\/p>\n

All the while, NASA was pressing ahead with development of the space shuttle. After a series of approach and landing tests using the prototype shuttle Enterprise, Young and astronaut Bob Crippen were named to fly Columbia into orbit in the program\u2019s maiden flight.<\/p>\n

The shuttle relied on state-of-the-art main engines and two enormous solid-fuel boosters to make the climb into space. Solid-propellant boosters cannot be turned off once ignited and they had never been used for propulsion with a U.S. manned spacecraft.<\/p>\n

The main engines also were a concern, with pumps operating at higher pressures and temperatures than previous engines to squeeze more thrust out of a lighter-weight powerplant. The shuttle used three SSMEs, and development proved difficult with numerous test failures.<\/p>\n

Raising the stakes even higher for the first shuttle mission, NASA had never launched a rocket designed to carry astronauts without multiple unpiloted test flights. Young and Crippen would blast off aboard one of the most powerful rocket systems ever developed without a single preceding test flight.<\/p>\n

Columbia was equipped with ejection seats for its initial test flights, but escaping from an out-of-control shuttle was problematic at best.<\/p>\n

\u201cThat was probably the most daring test flight of all time,\u201d Chaikin said. \u201cI can\u2019t imagine how anybody could do that, but they did it.\u201d<\/p>\n

The first attempt to launch Columbia on April 10, 1981, was scrubbed due to a computer timing glitch. Finally, three days later, all systems were go for launch. In his memoir, Young captured the excitement \u2014 and concerns \u2014 that were in his mind that morning as he and Crippen suited up.<\/p>\n

Along with mentally reviewing abort procedures, \u201cI was also thinking that with all the main engine and main engine pump problems we\u2019d had, we\u2019d be lucky to avoid being killed during ascent. I was also thinking about what a grand time it would be if Crip and I used those ejection seats just to fly through the 5,000 (degree) plumes of the solid rocket motors!<\/p>\n

\u201cWe didn\u2019t get paid to worry bout all those dozens of things that could kill you but it was hard to keep them totally out of mind. I did my best by focusing my thoughts on the procedures.\u201d<\/p>\n

As it turned out, Columbia climbed smoothly into space, kicking off the shuttle program\u2019s 30-year run.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt felt good to get back to zero gravity,\u201d Young wrote. \u201cIt had been nine years since Apollo 16. \u2026 All through the flight I would marvel at Earth\u2019s fragile beauty.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"
Astronaut John Young on the middeck of space shuttle Columbia during her maiden flight in April 1981. Photo: NASA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Columbia performed well throughout the mission, although the loss of several heat-shield tiles caused concern. But re-entry and landing went well and Young guided Columbia to a picture-perfect touchdown on a dry lakebed runway at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif.<\/p>\n

\u201cDo I have to take it to the hangar,\u201d Young joked with Houston after Columbia rolled to a stop on the dusty lakebed.<\/p>\n

\u201cNo,\u201d astronaut Joe Allen replied from mission control. \u201cWe\u2019re going to dust it off first.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019d done it! We\u2019d pulled it off!\u201d Young wrote in his memoir. \u201cIt was an outstanding end-to-end test flight of a very complex aerospace vehicle. As I said while the flight was happening, \u2018she is performing like a champ, real beautiful.’\u201d<\/p>\n

Young commanded Columbia again for the ninth shuttle mission, the first carrying a roomy Spacelab research module in the ship\u2019s cargo bay. During re-entry, two of the ship\u2019s three auxiliary power units, or APUs, caught fire. The APUs used toxic hydrazine to generate the hydraulic power needed to move the shuttle\u2019s elevons the muscle needed for braking and steering.<\/p>\n

Engineers would later discover the fire began at an altitude of 40,000 feet. Then, on touchdown, one of the shuttle\u2019s main flight computers failed because of internal contamination.<\/p>\n

\u201cNot to mince words, we were on fire when we landed, though of course we didn\u2019t know it at the time,\u201d Young wrote.<\/p>\n

Two days later, engineers discovered both APUs exploded within minutes of touchdown. Young had argued for a Kevlar shield to separate the closely-packed APUs in case of a major problem during ascent or entry, \u201cbut because it would have cost $8.5 million to install, the space shuttle program office wouldn\u2019t allow the shield to be incorporated,\u201d Young wrote later.<\/p>\n

By this point, the space shuttle had been declared operational, for better or for worse.<\/p>\n

\u201cAs all of us and the rest of the world would soon find out, it was or the worse,\u201d Young wrote. \u201cFar worse.\u201d<\/p>\n

He was referring to the 1986 Challenger disaster, a devastating failure that destroyed one of NASA\u2019s four shuttles and killed its seven-member crew. In the wake of the disaster, Young, as chief astronaut, relentlessly pushed for safety upgrades, firing off memos that frequently angered management.<\/p>\n

\u201cHere\u2019s the thing about John,\u201d Chaikin said. \u201cJohn was absolutely fearless about making sure he did the right thing, and he just felt it was his responsibility to bring these issues to light, these safety issues, and he did. He annoyed the hell out of some people by doing it.<\/p>\n

\u201cHe wasn\u2019t always right, but his heart was always in the right place, and you could never question his motivation. Many times, he was right on target.\u201d<\/p>\n

On May 5, 1987, Young was removed from his post as chief astronaut and reassigned as \u201cspecial assistant\u201d to the director of the Johnson Space Center for engineering, operations and safety.<\/p>\n

\"\"
The crews of the first and last space shuttle missions, pose for a group photo in a training facility at the Johnson Space Center in Houston on November 2, 2011. They are, from left, Doug Hurley, STS-135 pilot, Robert Crippen, STS-1 pilot, John Young, STS-1 commander, with STS-135 commander Chris Ferguson, and mission specialists Sandy Magnus and Rex Walheim. Photo credit: NASA Photo\/Houston Chronicle, Smiley N. Pool.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In a chapter titled \u201cMountain of Memos,\u201d Young said his criticisms \u201chad been found to be too newsworthy for NASA to continue to tolerate.\u201d Addressing the astronaut office, Young apologized for \u201cno longer being able to defend them.\u201d<\/p>\n

The response was a standing ovation.<\/p>\n

\u201cMy life has been long, and it has been interesting. It\u2019s also been a lot of fun, and a lot of hard, challenging work. If I could do it over, I would do it over the very same way. Most of it has been a marvel to me.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

John Young pictured through spacecraft window prior to launch of Gemini 3 mission. Photo: NASA. Legendary astronaut John Young, who twice ventured into space in pioneering two-man Gemini capsules, orbited the moon and then walked on its cratered surface before commanding two space shuttle missions, including the program\u2019s maiden flight, has passed away. NASA confirmed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[2951,3078,190],"class_list":["post-14090","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","tag-astronaut","tag-john-w-young","tag-nasa"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14090"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14090"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14090\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14090"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14090"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14090"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}