{"id":14976,"date":"2016-12-27T23:25:20","date_gmt":"2016-12-27T15:25:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp-productionenv-bjg9h2g2bgg5b8aa.southeastasia-01.azurewebsites.net\/news\/orbital-atk-has-no-plans-to-phase-out-seldom-used-pegasus-rocket\/"},"modified":"2016-12-27T23:25:20","modified_gmt":"2016-12-27T15:25:20","slug":"orbital-atk-has-no-plans-to-phase-out-seldom-used-pegasus-rocket","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/news\/orbital-atk-has-no-plans-to-phase-out-seldom-used-pegasus-rocket\/","title":{"rendered":"Orbital ATK has no plans to phase out seldom-used Pegasus rocket"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
In this view from an F\/A-18 chase plane, Orbital ATK\u2019s Pegasus XL rocket fires its first stage seconds after dropping from the belly of an L-1011 carrier plane Dec. 15. Credit: NASA\/Lori Losey<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The build-up of Orbital ATK\u2019s next air-launched Pegasus XL rocket will start in the coming weeks at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, and while its flight in mid-2017 is the last Pegasus launcher on the manifest with a confirmed payload, company officials are confident the unique vehicle has a future beyond next year.<\/p>\n

Solid-fueled rocket motors for the next Pegasus mission will arrive at Orbital ATK\u2019s Vandenberg processing facility as soon as next month, with preparation activities picking up soon after the launch of the last Pegasus rocket over the Atlantic Ocean Dec. 15 with eight NASA hurricane research satellites.<\/p>\n

The eight Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System spacecraft launched by the Pegasus rocket will measure winds inside hurricanes, giving scientists insight into their formation, intensification and life cycle.<\/p>\n

Orbital ATK\u2019s L-1011 carrier jet used to drop Pegasus rockets before they fire into orbit flew from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station\u2019s Skid Strip runway, the staging point for the CYGNSS launch earlier this month, back to its home base in Mojave, California, on Dec. 16.<\/p>\n

The next Pegasus flight, which will be the 44th satellite launch by Orbital ATK\u2019s air-dropped booster, will haul up NASA\u2019s Ionospheric Connection Explorer, or ICON, satellite.<\/p>\n

ICON\u2019s launch is tentatively set for June 15 from a point over the Pacific Ocean near Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands, heading for a 357-mile-high (575-kilometer) orbit to observe Earth\u2019s ionosphere, where influences from terrestrial weather and space weather meet.<\/p>\n

The Pegasus rocket\u2019s airborne launch platform will remain at Mojave until heading to Vandenberg in the spring for attachment of the three-stage booster. Then the L-1011 TriStar carrier plane will ferry the rocket to the Reagan Test Site at Kwajalein for the final days of launch preps.<\/p>\n

The aircraft, nicknamed Stargazer, has supported Pegasus launches staged from Vandenberg, Kwajalein, Cape Canaveral, Wallops Island in Virginia, and the Canary Islands.<\/p>\n

The modified jetliner was delivered to Air Canada by Lockheed in March 1974, then purchased by Orbital ATK in 1992 for Pegasus missions. Its cabin seating has been removed, leaving only a handful of control consoles in the forward fuselage to oversee Pegasus launch operations.<\/p>\n

The widebody airplane has a twin hull, allowing the Pegasus rocket to fit snugly underneath the L-1011 with room for the launcher\u2019s aft-mounted control fins.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Orbital ATK\u2019s L-1011 carrier jet flies over the Atlantic Ocean with a Pegasus XL rocket under its belly with NASA\u2019s eight Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System spacecraft. Credit: NASA\/Lori Losey<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Details of Pegasus\u2019s future may still be unclear, but Orbital ATK has struck a partnership to supply at least two of the solid-fueled rockets, and maybe more, to the Stratolaunch venture led by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen\u2019s Vulcan Aerospace.<\/p>\n

Stratolaunch announced an agreement with Orbital ATK in October to launch Pegasus rockets from a giant six-engine, twin-fuselage aircraft under construction in Mojave, California. Artist\u2019s concepts showing the carrier rig show the airplane lofting three Pegasus launchers in one flight.<\/p>\n

Stratolaunch has not disclosed how the company will use the Pegasus rocket, but the press release announcing the \u201cproduction-based\u201d partnership said it would offer \u201csignificant cost advantages\u201d to air-launch customers.<\/p>\n

An official familiar with the agreement said Orbital ATK will not only provide the three-stage Pegasus XL vehicles needed to launch satellites from Stratolaunch\u2019s carrier aircraft, but also a team of engineers and technicians experienced in assembling the rockets and conducting launch operations on an airborne platform.<\/p>\n

The Pegasus rocket has 29 straight successful satellite delivery missions, but the small satellite launch market in the United States has dried up in the last decade due to rising launch costs and new lift options taking the place of Pegasus.<\/p>\n

Orbital ATK\u2019s Minotaur 1 and 4 rockets, powered by decommissioned Minuteman and Peacekeeper rocket motors, have launched many of the U.S. military\u2019s experimental satellite missions since 2000. The Minotaur is less expensive than the Pegasus, and it can carry heavier payloads, but use of the stockpiled missile motors is legally limited to payloads for the U.S. Defense Department due to concerns that flooding the market with government-furnished rocket stages could spoil commercial launcher development.<\/p>\n

There are few U.S.-owned commercial satellites in the Pegasus rocket\u2019s light-lift class. Most new privately-owned low-Earth-orbiting spacecraft have taken advantage of technological leaps in miniaturization, with many fitting into shoebox-sized CubeSat form factors.<\/p>\n

Global market forces have also taken shape to edge Pegasus out of the market, with upgraded Russian ballistic missiles like Rockot and Dnepr snatching up many commercial small satellite launch contracts in the 2000s. More recently, Europe\u2019s Vega rocket and India\u2019s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle have won larger slices of the market.<\/p>\n

\"\"
An artist\u2019s concept of Stratolaunch\u2019s carrier aircraft with three Pegasus rockets. Credit: Stratolaunch Systems<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Rideshare opportunities are also growing, allowing many small satellites to fly on a larger rocket to pool launch costs.<\/p>\n

In the last 10 years, Pegasus rockets have flown six times. The air-dropped launcher flew into orbit 28 times from 1996 through 2006.<\/p>\n

But Pegasus remains a stalwart in NASA\u2019s launcher fleet.<\/p>\n

It is the only light-class booster certified to launch the space agency\u2019s most valuable, risk-averse science missions, and it occupies a place in the lift spectrum between the capabilities of new commercially-developed \u201cmicro-launchers\u201d like Virgin Galactic\u2019s LauncherOne and Rocket Lab\u2019s Electron, and the capacities of bigger rockets.<\/p>\n

Rideshare launch options for NASA\u2019s research satellites are hard to find without sacrificing scientific observations or compromising on the mission\u2019s orbit.<\/p>\n

NASA will soon select a new space mission in the agency\u2019s \u201cSmall Explorer\u201d line of science satellites for launch by the end of 2020, and all three finalists in the competition are designed for launch on Pegasus rockets.<\/p>\n

Two of the candidate proposals, IXPE and PRAXyS, would peer into energetic stellar factories and graveyards across the observable universe to study how the mysterious regions behave and emit X-ray signals.<\/p>\n

The SPHEREx mission concept would scan the sky with an infrared telescope for at least two years from a perch in low Earth orbit in a bid to study inflation, the theory that the universe grew in an instant from a speck to exponential size just after the Big Bang.<\/p>\n

While IXPE, PRAXyS and SPHEREx are intentionally sized to fit inside the volume of the Pegasus rocket\u2019s payload fairing, NASA will select a launch vehicle from its stable of approved rockets for the winning mission some time after announcing the selection.<\/p>\n

\"\"
NASA\u2019s ICON research satellite, designed to observe phenomena in Earth\u2019s ionosphere, is pictured inside its Orbital ATK factory earlier this year. ICON will launch on the next Pegasus XL flight in June 2017. Credit: NASA\/Orbital ATK<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bryan Baldwin, Orbital ATK\u2019s Pegasus launch vehicle program manager, told Spaceflight Now the company is still pursuing new opportunities for the rocket.<\/p>\n

The Pegasus XL and Orbital ATK\u2019s ground-launched Minotaur-C rocket, a commercial Minotaur variant formerly known as Taurus, are the only vehicles in the NASA Launch Services contract approved to loft the agency\u2019s small-size satellites.<\/p>\n

NASA is also evaluating proposals for a new heliophysics \u201cSmall Explorer\u201d mission to follow IXPE, PRAXyS, or SPHEREx with a launch in 2022, but that project could take advantage of an observation post on the International Space Station and launch aboard one of the research lab\u2019s robotic supply ships rather than on a dedicated rocket.<\/p>\n

Email the author.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Follow Stephen Clark on Twitter: @StephenClark1.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In this view from an F\/A-18 chase plane, Orbital ATK\u2019s Pegasus XL rocket fires its first stage seconds after dropping from the belly of an L-1011 carrier plane Dec. 15. Credit: NASA\/Lori Losey The build-up of Orbital ATK\u2019s next air-launched Pegasus XL rocket will start in the coming weeks at Vandenberg Air Force Base in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[3480,1860,2493,2598,1827,2899,755,3481],"class_list":["post-14976","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","tag-cygnss","tag-heliophysics","tag-icon","tag-ixpe","tag-l-1011","tag-orbital-atk","tag-pegasus-xl","tag-praxys"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14976"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14976"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14976\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14976"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14976"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14976"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}