{"id":15136,"date":"2016-10-20T21:55:47","date_gmt":"2016-10-20T13:55:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp-productionenv-bjg9h2g2bgg5b8aa.southeastasia-01.azurewebsites.net\/news\/last-data-from-schiaparelli-mars-lander-hold-clues-to-what-went-wrong\/"},"modified":"2016-10-20T21:55:47","modified_gmt":"2016-10-20T13:55:47","slug":"last-data-from-schiaparelli-mars-lander-hold-clues-to-what-went-wrong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/news\/last-data-from-schiaparelli-mars-lander-hold-clues-to-what-went-wrong\/","title":{"rendered":"Last data from Schiaparelli Mars lander hold clues to what went wrong"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Artist's
Artist\u2019s concept illustrating the moment the Schiaparelli lander was to jettison its back shell and parachute and ignite its descent engines. Credit: ESA\/ATG medialab<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The first sign of trouble from Europe\u2019s Schiaparelli lander came around the time the probe was supposed to jettison its parachute and fire thrusters to brake for touchdown on the vast equatorial plains of Mars, officials said Thursday.<\/p>\n

The spacecraft is feared lost after mission control lost contact with it less than a minute before landing Wednesday, when Schiaparelli was aiming to become the first European probe to successfully land on Mars.<\/p>\n

Built as a technology demonstrator, Schiaparelli was designed to validate a Doppler radar altimeter, sophisticated guidance and control software, and avionics systems that the European Space Agency intends to place on future Mars missions, beginning with a lander and rover scheduled for launch in 2020 developed in partnership with Russia.<\/p>\n

After its release Sunday from a carrier aboard Europe\u2019s ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, which flew to Mars in tandem with the lander, Schiaparelli made an automated approach to the red planet and glided into the Martian atmosphere Wednesday at a velocity of 13,000 mph (21,000 kilometers per hour) for a fast-paced, six-minute descent sequence.<\/p>\n

The entry profile involved heat protection from cork and resin tiles, a European-built 39-foot-diameter (12 meter) supersonic parachute, and nine rocket thrusters mounted around the circumference of Schiaparelli in clusters of three.<\/p>\n

Something unexpected happened near the end of the lander\u2019s descent under the parachute, when Schiaparelli\u2019s back shell was timed to jettison and the probe\u2019s thrusters were programmed to ignite.<\/p>\n

\u201cAll the EDM (Entry, Descent and Landing Demonstrator Module) has behaved according to our expectation up to a certain point,\u201d said Andrea Accomazzo, head of the solar and planetary missions division at the European Space Operations Center in Darmstadt, Germany.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere\u2019s a point where the parachute was released, and this is where the data we preliminarily analyzed from the EDM do not match, exactly, our expectations, and this is what we have to understand,\u201d Accomazzo said.<\/p>\n

Officials said the separation parachute and back shell apparently occurred earlier than expected, and the lander deviated from the flight plan around the same time.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe parachute phase was nominal up until the very last point, when the parachute is ejected,\u201d Accomazzo said. \u201cThis is there where we are not in a position yet to provide a description (of what happened). The previous phase on the parachute was absolutely nominal. It\u2019s only the end point where we\u2019re not yet in a position to explain.\u201d<\/p>\n

The compact space probe was about the size of a Smart car, measuring less than 6 feet (1.8 meters) tall and around 5 feet (1.65 meters) wide after flying free of its heat shield.<\/p>\n

\"Andrea
Andrea Accomazzo presents the status of the ExoMars mission at a press briefing Thursday. Credit: ESA TV\/Spaceflight Now<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The robotic probe sent its last signal around 50 seconds before the expected landing time, Accomazzo said Thursday, and telemetry from Schiaparelli being analyzed by experts on the ground appears to show the spacecraft activated its radar and ignited its landing rockets, at least for three or four seconds.<\/p>\n

\u201cThey did fire,\u201d Accomazzo told reporters in a press briefing Thursday. \u201cDefinitely, we saw them fire for a few seconds, for a time much shorter than what we were expecting.\u201d<\/p>\n

Stressing that engineers are still at a preliminary stage decoding the telemetry from Schiaparelli, Accomazzo said it was not clear whether all nine of the engines ignited or the altitude at which the thrusters cut off.<\/p>\n

The thrusters should have fired for 30 seconds to slow the lander\u2019s velocity from more than 120 mph (200 kilometers per hour) to a walking pace around 6 feet (2 meters) above the Martian surface. At that point, the engines were supposed to shut down, and the lander was to fall to the ground cushioned by a crushable carbon-fiber shell.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt will take some time, of course, to analyze (the data),\u201d Accomazzo said. \u201cWe can definitely say that all the hardware of the EDM has been activated successfully. We have data from all the hardware of the EDM, all the sensors and all the actuators.\u201d<\/p>\n

He said telemetry from all the lander\u2019s systems provided \u201cmeaningful data\u201d to engineers to unravel what happened.<\/p>\n

\u201cNow it\u2019s a matter to analyze why, when we put together this data in the Martian environment, the spacecraft didn\u2019t behave exactly as we had expected,\u201d Accomazzo said.<\/p>\n

Accelerometer measurements from Schiaparelli might indicate whether the lander made a hard touchdown before it stopped transmitting, officials said, and engineers will try to determine if the probe was descending much faster than predicted.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere are multiple options,\u201d Accomazzo said. \u201cIt could mean that this parachute phase has been terminated too early, then we are far too high, or we have had a behavior during the parachute phase that led the lander to be far too low. From the data we have processed so far, we are not in a position to conclude on this specific point.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nevertheless, engineers are confident the answers are buried somewhere in the 600 megabytes of data received from Schiaparelli before it went silent.<\/p>\n

\"This
This graphic illustrates Schiaparelli\u2019s landing sequence. Credit: ESA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cThe first analysis suggests that most of the steps required for the entry and descent were successfully completed, particularly the deceleration from 21,000 kilometers per hour (13,000 mph) at the top of the atmosphere down to having the probe suspended on its parachute,\u201d said David Parker, director of ESA\u2019s human spaceflight and robotic exploration division.<\/p>\n

The ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter steered into orbit around Mars at the same time Schiaparelli was entering the atmosphere, and a radio aboard the ExoMars mothership recorded telemetry from the lander until it stopped transmitting.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe will be able to explain what was observed,\u201d Accomazzo said. \u201cI have no doubts.\u201d<\/p>\n

Attempts to contact Schiaparelli since Wednesday have been unsuccessful, but officials said they plan to continue listening for signals from the lander for at least the next week. Ground controllers could also try sending commands for Schiaparelli to reset its systems in hopes the lander is intact on the surface.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe have lots of power to continue operating, assuming it\u2019s on the surface, so we\u2019ll continue like that for a certain period, but there will be a moment where we have to decide if we intervene,\u201d said Don McCoy, ESA\u2019s ExoMars project manager. \u201cThere are a few possibilities, (but) not so many. The machine was not really designed to have been an interactive machine. It was a test, and the test is complete now.\u201d<\/p>\n

Before its arrival at Mars, Schiaparelli received pre-programmed commands from mission control to run through its surface mission without any help from Earth. The battery-powered lander, hosting a weather station, descent imager and a multitude of engineering sensors, was expected to function for at least four days on the surface, and perhaps as long as 10 to 12 days, McCoy said.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis lander was a test, and as we are always doing when we are doing tests, we put many sensors on-board,\u201d said Jan Woerner, ESA\u2019s director general.<\/p>\n

The sharp-eyed HiRISE camera aboard NASA\u2019s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter will try to spot Schiaparelli in a pass over the probe\u2019s equatorial landing site in the next few days. If the American orbiter can locate the lander, it will only appear a few pixels across, and it might be difficult to glean insights from such an image.<\/p>\n

Officials Thursday highlighted the success of the Trace Gas Orbiter\u2019s critical arrival orbit insertion maneuver, no small feat for ESA, which now has two active spacecraft circling Mars.<\/p>\n

There are a record six orbiters exploring Mars including Europe\u2019s Trace Gas Orbiter and Mars Express missions, three NASA science stations, and an Indian spacecraft.<\/p>\n

\"The
The ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (bottom) and Schiaparelli lander (top) are seen mated together during final prelaunch testing in November 2015. Credit: Stephen Clark\/Spaceflight Now<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The Trace Gas Orbiter and Schiaparelli launched together in March from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan aboard a Russian Proton rocket to start the 300 million-mile (nearly 500 million-kilometer) journey to Mars.<\/p>\n

The tandem launch was the first of two planned under the auspices of the ExoMars project, a flagship exploration program led by the European Space Agency and Roscosmos, the Russian space agency, with smaller contributions from NASA.<\/p>\n

The second ExoMars launch is scheduled for July 2020 on another Russian Proton booster. ESA and Roscosmos agreed to delay the launch from May 2018 earlier this year because hardware and science instruments would not be ready in time.<\/p>\n

In addition to its scientific purpose of helping identify the source of methane in the Martian atmosphere, the Trace Gas Orbiter needed to be in place for the 2020 mission to help relay science data and commands between Earth and the lander and rover on the Martian surface.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe can confirm that the cornerstone of the ExoMars 2020 mission is now in place,\u201d Parker said. \u201cThe Trace Gas Orbiter is now ready for both parts of its long-term mission. We have 100 kilograms (220 pounds) of science instruments in orbit around Mars now, so we\u2019re ready to undertake the really exciting science to understand the origins and distribution of trace gases, and particularly the methane that should be destroyed quickly on Mars, but seems to be present.\u201d<\/p>\n

Methane could come from metabolizing microbial life forms or ongoing geologic activity \u2014 either source would be a major scientific discovery \u2014 and many researchers believe the only way to explain the trace levels of methane detected in the Martian atmosphere is if the red planet somehow regularly pumps more of the gas into the air.<\/p>\n

The top-level objective of the ExoMars program is to search for signs of Martian life, and the rover set for launch in 2020 will drill deeper into the red planet\u2019s soil than ever before to look for biomarkers that could be shielded from damaging ionizing radiation present at the surface.<\/p>\n

But the problem encountered by Schiaparelli\u2019s lander could cast a cloud over the 2020 mission, which will have the European-built rover and a Russian descent stage and stationary landing platform with computers and guidance systems supplied by Europe.<\/p>\n

Schiaparelli was intended as a smaller-scale, less expensive test of the technologies before putting them on the one-of-a-kind ExoMars rover mission.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe can say the experiment test has yielded a huge amount of data, and clearly we are going to have to carry on analyzing this for the days and weeks to come, but it gives us a lot of confidence for the future,\u201d Parker said. \u201cWe need to understand what happened in the last few seconds before the planned landing, and that is likely to take some time.\u201d<\/p>\n

Parker said the data gathered during Schiaparelli\u2019s descent will still provide lessons learned for the team working on the ExoMars 2020 mission.<\/p>\n

\u201cGiven the amount of data that we will have acquired through Schiaparelli yesterday, and given that the whole point of Schiaparelli was to acquire practical experience, the data feeds directly into the 2020 mission,\u201d Parker said. \u201cAll the key pieces of hardware were activated and provided data or functioned as expected, so the experience feeds into the next mission exactly as planned.\u201d<\/p>\n

But ESA will have to present their case at a meeting of the agency\u2019s member states in December when officials ask European governments for around $330 million (300 million euros) to make up for a shortfall in funding for the construction of the ExoMars 2020 rover.<\/p>\n

Italy is leading the ExoMars program, with Thales Alenia Space\u2019s Italian division taking charge of all European industrial work, including the production of the Schiaparelli lander. Britain is ExoMars\u2019 second-biggest financial backer, and Airbus Defense and Space\u2019s factory in Stevenage north of London is charged with building the rover vehicle itself.<\/p>\n

NASA was originally ESA\u2019s chief partner on ExoMars. The agencies had plans to send two rovers to Mars on the same mission, and launch the orbiter and rover packages on two Atlas 5 rockets, but NASA largely pulled out of the ExoMars program in 2012, prompting ESA to ask Russia to become a full partner and provide Proton rockets, a Mars descent system and scientific instruments.<\/p>\n

Woerner said the success of the Trace Gas Orbiter, and the lessons from Schiaparelli, should demonstrate to European ministers that the extra money for ExoMars is worth the investment.<\/p>\n

\u201cI think they will see, and we will show, that this mission is a success,\u201d Woerner said. \u201cWe have the function which we need for the 2020 mission. I think that we don\u2019t have to convince them. We just have to show them. The results are obvious.\u201d<\/p>\n

A review next week will determine exactly how much funding ESA needs to complete ExoMars, Woerner said.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe landing test still leaves us with some open questions we have to analyze,\u201d Woerner said.<\/p>\n

Email the author.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Follow Stephen Clark on Twitter: @StephenClark1.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Artist\u2019s concept illustrating the moment the Schiaparelli lander was to jettison its back shell and parachute and ignite its descent engines. Credit: ESA\/ATG medialab The first sign of trouble from Europe\u2019s Schiaparelli lander came around the time the probe was supposed to jettison its parachute and fire thrusters to brake for touchdown on the vast […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[831,2297,3022,367,1561,234,352,3304],"class_list":["post-15136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","tag-european-space-agency","tag-exomars","tag-exomars-2016","tag-mars","tag-planetary-science","tag-roscosmos","tag-russia","tag-schiaparelli"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15136"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15136"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15136\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}