{"id":18679,"date":"2017-12-30T00:56:57","date_gmt":"2017-12-29T16:56:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp-productionenv-bjg9h2g2bgg5b8aa.southeastasia-01.azurewebsites.net\/news\/how-scientists-are-expanding-the-spectrum-for-seti-and-the-search-for-alien-life\/"},"modified":"2017-12-30T00:56:57","modified_gmt":"2017-12-29T16:56:57","slug":"how-scientists-are-expanding-the-spectrum-for-seti-and-the-search-for-alien-life","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/news\/how-scientists-are-expanding-the-spectrum-for-seti-and-the-search-for-alien-life\/","title":{"rendered":"How scientists are expanding the spectrum for SETI and the search for alien life"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_386957\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-386957\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full-width wp-image-386957\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.geekwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/171228-seti-630x635.jpg\" alt=\"Planetary system map\" width=\"630\" height=\"635\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.geekwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/171228-seti-630x635.jpg 630w, https:\/\/cdn.geekwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/171228-seti-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/cdn.geekwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/171228-seti-768x774.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.geekwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/171228-seti-1250x1260.jpg 1250w, https:\/\/cdn.geekwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/171228-seti-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\"><figcaption data-nosnippet=\"\" id=\"caption-attachment-386957\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">This map from the University of Puerto Rico\u2019s Planetary Habitability Laboratory shows the known planetary systems within about 100 light-years from Earth, plotted on a logarithmic scale. The systems with potentially habitable exoplanets are highlighted with red circles. (PHL @ UPR Arecibo)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>BERKELEY, Calif. \u2014 Twenty years after the movie \u201cContact\u201d brought the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, or SETI, to the big screen, it\u2019s dawning on astronomers that the real-world plotline might turn out to be totally different 20 years from now.<\/p>\n<p>So far, SETI has been dominated by radio telescope surveys looking for anomalous patterns that may point to alien transmissions. But SETI\u2019s practitioners are realizing that E.T. may make its presence known in other ways.<\/p>\n<p>Over the next 20 years, or 200 years, SETI may come to stand for sensing extraterrestrial irregularities, ranging from unusual atmospheric chemistry to higher-than-expected thermal emissions. The telltale signs of life beyond our solar system may even be associated with phenomena we haven\u2019t yet come across.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTwo hundred years from now, people are going to look at what we\u2019re doing, and probably laugh and say, \u2018Why weren\u2019t they looking for tachyons, or subspace communications,\u2019 or something like that,\u201d Dan Wertheimer, chief scientist for SETI at the University of California at Berkeley, joked during a presentation held at the university in conjunction with the World Conference of Science Journalists in October.<\/p>\n<p>Questions about the potential for life beyond our solar system are much sharper now than they were in 1997, when \u201cContact\u201d came out, largely because space surveys have established that there could be billions of potentially habitable planets out there.<\/p>\n<p>Less scientifically grounded developments, such as this month\u2019s revelation that the Pentagon funded secret UFO investigations until 2012, have helped sharpen interest as well.<\/p>\n<p>The Berkeley presentation brought together leading SETI researchers \u2014 plus one of the leaders in the study of potentially habitable exoplanets, Guillem Anglada-Escud\u00e9 of Queen Mary University of London.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none; overflow: hidden;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Falan.boyle%2Fvideos%2F10159613263890217%2F&amp;show_text=0&amp;width=560\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>The first planets beyond our solar system were detected in the mid-1990s, using a technique that looked for faint gravitational wobbles in the motion of stars. It was a big deal back in 2010 when the list of known exoplanets reached 500. Today, the tally of candidate exoplanets is past the 5,000 mark.<\/p>\n<p>Anglada-Escud\u00e9 said the planet search is increasingly focusing in on potentially habitable worlds&nbsp;\u2014 such as Proxima Centauri b, the nearest exoplanet, which he and his Pale Red Dot team detected just last year.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe detection has taken so long not because we didn\u2019t have the technology, but because we didn\u2019t know where to search,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>Now that astronomers know how to check red dwarf stars for potentially habitable, close-in planets, \u201cthis is going to be happening more often,\u201d&nbsp;Anglada-Escud\u00e9 said.<\/p>\n<p>Which raises an issue: So far, astronomers have judged the livability of alien planets on the basis of their orbital positions, assumed densities and how much light they get from their parent stars. But to determine whether they\u2019re truly habitable, and whether they have a chance of harboring life, much more information is needed.<\/p>\n<p>Fortunately, more information is on the way&nbsp;\u2014 from giant observatories such as NASA\u2019s James Webb Space Telescope, which is now due for launch in 2019; and from smaller, more focused missions such as the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, to be launched next year.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"callout clearfix\"><strong>Previously:<\/strong> Campaign broadcasts music and messages to alien super-Earth<\/h4>\n<p>Such telescopes could tease out the spectral signatures of alien atmospheres, looking for chemical imbalances that could hint at biological activity. It\u2019s more complex than just finding, say, oxygen or water vapor.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere might be CO2, there might be even molecules we don\u2019t expect to be there at all,\u201d&nbsp;Anglada-Escud\u00e9 said. \u201cWe might see emission features. \u2026 When you have the ability to detect methane, oxygen, you can find things that you don\u2019t expect at all.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Seth Shostak, senior astronomer at California\u2019s SETI Institute, said more powerful telescopes could look for the waste heat given off by highly advanced civilizations, or the radioactive waste left behind by the civilizations that didn\u2019t last.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere have been schemes proposed for looking for dead alien civilizations,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to better telescopes, alien-hunting scientists are using artificial intelligence to aid their search.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019re just starting to learn how to look for, in machine learning, what\u2019s called anomaly detection,\u201d Wertheimer said. \u201cIn anomaly detection, you classify things&nbsp;\u2014 \u2018this is a curved signal, this is a sinusoidal signal, this is a pulsed signal\u2019&nbsp;\u2014 and if it\u2019s not one of those things, it\u2019ll say, \u2018Hey, I found something that\u2019s not following all these categories, this is an anomaly.\u2019 It will alert you, and you\u2019ll take a look at it and see if it\u2019s interesting. We are not doing that now, we\u2019re learning how to do that.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>SETI astronomer Jill Tarter, who served as one of the models for the main character in \u201cContact,\u201d said the search should really go 24\/7 in order to make sure no extraterrestrial anomaly is left behind.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s a big hole in our searches \u2026 and that is that we\u2019re not at all very sensitive to transients,\u201d she said. If our telescopes happen to be looking someplace else when E.T. sends out a quick message, the opportunity for contact would be lost.<\/p>\n<p>Tarter said the search for E.T. needs more stable funding in order to better the odds. And in the years ahead, it\u2019ll be even more challenging to&nbsp;keep up with the torrents of data that will come from radio dishes and other types of telescopes.<\/p>\n<p>The evidence of life beyond our solar system may well be found by \u201ccarefully combing the astronomical data that are collected every day for things that are anomalous, things that are a little different,\u201d Shostak said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI find all that interesting,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p><em>Geekwire\u2019s Alan Boyle is president of the&nbsp;Council for the Advancement of Science Writing, one of the organizers of the&nbsp;World Conference of Science Journalists.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This map from the University of Puerto Rico\u2019s Planetary Habitability Laboratory shows the known planetary systems within about 100 light-years from Earth, plotted on a logarithmic scale. The systems with potentially habitable exoplanets are highlighted with red circles. (PHL @ UPR Arecibo) BERKELEY, Calif. \u2014 Twenty years after the movie \u201cContact\u201d brought the search for [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[4409,1874,559,3754,5288],"class_list":["post-18679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","tag-aliens","tag-astrobiology","tag-exoplanets","tag-seti","tag-wcsj2017"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18679"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18679"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18679\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18679"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18679"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18679"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}