{"id":19355,"date":"2016-06-15T22:29:28","date_gmt":"2016-06-15T14:29:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp-productionenv-bjg9h2g2bgg5b8aa.southeastasia-01.azurewebsites.net\/news\/ligo-gets-lit-up-again-by-gravitational-waves-from-another-black-hole-crash\/"},"modified":"2016-06-15T22:29:28","modified_gmt":"2016-06-15T14:29:28","slug":"ligo-gets-lit-up-again-by-gravitational-waves-from-another-black-hole-crash","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/news\/ligo-gets-lit-up-again-by-gravitational-waves-from-another-black-hole-crash\/","title":{"rendered":"LIGO gets lit up again by gravitational waves from another black hole crash"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_255139\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-255139\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full-width wp-image-255139\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.geekwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/160613-wave-630x397.jpg\" alt=\"LIGO black holes\" width=\"630\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.geekwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/160613-wave-630x397.jpg 630w, https:\/\/cdn.geekwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/160613-wave-768x483.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.geekwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/160613-wave-1240x781.jpg 1240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\"><figcaption data-nosnippet=\"\" id=\"caption-attachment-255139\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist\u2019s conception shows gravitational waves emanating like ripples in space time as two black holes approach each other in their orbits. (Credit: T. Pyle \/ LIGO)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>It looks as if gravitational-wave watchers are in for a bumpy, beautiful ride. Scientists using the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO, have confirmed the detection of another merger involving two faraway black holes.<\/p>\n<p>The observations, which were made last Christmas and reported today in a paper published by Physical Review Letters, support the idea that LIGO could open up a whole new branch of astronomy focusing on gravitational disturbances and black holes.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt is a promising start to mapping the populations of black holes in our universe,\u201d Gabriela Gonzalez, a Louisiana State University astrophysicist who serves as the spokesperson for the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, said in a news release.<\/p>\n<p>She and her colleagues say this smash-up was smaller than the first black-hole merger, which was observed in September and reported by the LIGO team in February. That clash involved black holes that were 29 and 36 times as massive as the sun. This one brought together black holes that were eight and 14 times the sun\u2019s mass.<\/p>\n<p>During the smash-up, an amount of mass roughly equivalent to the sun\u2019s was converted into gravitational-wave energy in accordance with Albert Einstein\u2019s E=mc<sup>2<\/sup> formula. The merger resulted in a single spinning black hole, 21 times as massive as the sun.<\/p>\n<p>Gravitational-wave ripples from the&nbsp;crash&nbsp;spread out through spacetime for 1.4 billion years. Late on Christmas night, the signal reached LIGO\u2019s two detectors, located on the Hanford Reservation in Washington state and in Livingston, La. The signal swept through the Louisiana detector first. It hit Hanford about 1.1 milliseconds later.<\/p>\n<p>The detectors recorded the signal\u2019s rising frequency pattern as a \u201cchirp\u201d that ended with the black hole merger.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Compare LIGO's chirps from black holes\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/5tFApIlU2ec?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\" data-ratio=\"0.5625\" data-width=\"800\" data-height=\"450\" style=\"display: block; margin: 0px; width: 800px; height: 450px;\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Fred Raab, the head of LIGO Hanford, said it was fortunate that scientists extended their observations over the holidays. \u201cThe dedication of our staff in supporting this decision paid off,\u201d Raab said in a news release.<\/p>\n<p>LIGO\u2019s analysts worked for months to verify the first detection as well as the December event. The September event turned out to be the focus of February\u2019s announcement. Meanwhile,the team continued to analyze December\u2019s data.<\/p>\n<p>Michael Landry, detection lead scientist at LIGO Hanford, said the December&nbsp;signals were more&nbsp;suited to analysis.&nbsp;\u201cUnlike our first detection, which was louder than we expected, this second, fainter event was exactly the kind of signal that our computer algorithms were supposed to dig out of the noise,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>Gonzalez said the December&nbsp;signals reverberated for more time&nbsp;\u2013 for&nbsp;about one&nbsp;second&nbsp;\u2013 in the detector\u2019s most sensitive band.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_255140\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-255140\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full-width wp-image-255140\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.geekwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/160614-local2-630x622.jpg\" alt=\"Localization comparison\" width=\"630\" height=\"622\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.geekwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/160614-local2-630x622.jpg 630w, https:\/\/cdn.geekwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/160614-local2-768x758.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.geekwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/160614-local2-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/cdn.geekwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/160614-local2-50x50.jpg 50w, https:\/\/cdn.geekwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/160614-local2.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\"><figcaption data-nosnippet=\"\" id=\"caption-attachment-255140\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The approximate locations of the gravitational-wave events detected in September and December are shown on this sky map of the southern hemisphere. Because there are only two detectors, the probabilities for the locations are defined by long, narrow ellipses. The later event occurred on Dec. 26 GMT, but Dec. 25 local time. (Credit: Axel Mellinger \/ LIGO)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>LIGO\u2019s twin detectors are placed&nbsp;3,000 miles apart so that any signals can be verified and triangulated. The designs are virtually identical. Two sets of L-shaped vacuum&nbsp;tubes,&nbsp;each measuring 2.5 miles on a side, house ultra-sensitive laser interferometers that can detect distortions in spatial dimensions&nbsp;to an accuracy of one-ten-thousandth of the width of a proton.<\/p>\n<p>The first-generation LIGO observatories began looking for evidence of gravitational waves&nbsp;in 2002 but turned up nothing during their initial runs. Starting in 2008, scientists gave the detectors a major upgrade to increase their sensitivity. The first gravitational-wave signals showed up during the testing phase for the \u201cAdvanced LIGO\u201d equipment.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWith the advent of Advanced LIGO, we anticipated researchers would eventually succeed at detecting unexpected phenomena, but these two detections thus far have surpassed our expectations,\u201d France Cordova, director of the National Science Foundation, said in a statement. Over the past&nbsp;quarter-century, NSF and its international partners have put about $1.1 billion into the project.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"LIGO Detects Gravitational Waves\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/B4XzLDM3Py8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\" data-ratio=\"0.5625\" data-width=\"800\" data-height=\"450\" style=\"display: block; margin: 0px; width: 800px; height: 450px;\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>LIGO\u2019s readings serve as the strongest confirmation to date for Einstein\u2019s century-old general theory of relativity. Looking ahead, LIGO could provide the best way for scientists to understand how black holes behave.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe can begin to make predictions about how often we might be hearing gravitational waves in the future,\u201d said Caltech\u2019s Albert Lazzarini, deputy director of the LIGO Laboratory. \u201cLIGO is bringing us a new way to observe some of the darkest yet most energetic events in our universe.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The more events LIGO records, the more quickly scientists can pry loose the dark secrets surrounding black holes. The paper published in Physical Review Letters actually refers to a third event, which was recorded last Oct. 12. Scientists didn\u2019t count that event as a definitive detection.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe third event, LVT151012, is more likely a black-hole binary coalescence than noise, with Russian-roulette-type odds,\u201d LIGO Hanford\u2019s Raab explained in an&nbsp;email to GeekWire. \u201cBut just like we don\u2019t advise playing even a single round of Russian roulette, although you would likely survive it, at this early stage of gravitational-wave astronomy, we don\u2019t accept Russian-roulette odds for claiming detections.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Still more gravitational-wave readings should&nbsp;pop up when LIGO resumes collecting data&nbsp;this fall \u2013&nbsp;and when European scientists ramp up their Virgo&nbsp;interferometer in Italy. Meanwhile, a&nbsp;European space mission called LISA Pathfinder is blazing the trail for a space-based gravitational-wave observatory.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An artist\u2019s conception shows gravitational waves emanating like ripples in space time as two black holes approach each other in their orbits. (Credit: T. Pyle \/ LIGO) It looks as if gravitational-wave watchers are in for a bumpy, beautiful ride. Scientists using the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO, have confirmed the detection of another [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[4568,1975,4965,5193],"class_list":["post-19355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","tag-advanced-ligo","tag-black-holes","tag-hanford","tag-theory-of-general-relativity"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19355"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19355"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19355\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19355"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19355"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}