{"id":23612,"date":"2026-01-18T20:33:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-18T12:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp-productionenv-bjg9h2g2bgg5b8aa.southeastasia-01.azurewebsites.net\/news\/space-science-in-2026-new-lunar-explorers-mars-missions-and-space-telescopes\/"},"modified":"2026-01-18T20:33:00","modified_gmt":"2026-01-18T12:33:00","slug":"space-science-in-2026-new-lunar-explorers-mars-missions-and-space-telescopes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/news\/space-science-in-2026-new-lunar-explorers-mars-missions-and-space-telescopes\/","title":{"rendered":"Space Science in 2026: New lunar explorers, Mars missions, and space telescopes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>With many missions on the manifest, the new year promises to be packed with space science. Two interplanetary spacecraft will arrive at their destinations as another Mars window opens in late 2026. Meanwhile, multiple space telescopes have their launch dates set for this year, and the schedule promises an increased cadence for lunar missions.<\/p>\n<p>The year follows another busy year in space science, which saw multiple space telescopes launched and the first fully successful commercial lunar mission. In 2025, NASA announced the discovery of ingredients for life in ancient asteroid material, while scientists studied potential traces of ancient life on Mars. Multiple missions ended last year, and 2025 left one of NASA\u2019s Mars explorers in peril.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>More lunar missions to launch following 2025 successes and failures<\/p>\n<p>With lunar exploration on the rise globally, 2026 is set to see an increase in lunar missions. In the first few months of 2025, three commercial landers attempted to touch down on the Moon, but only one of them successfully landed. Two of last year\u2019s missions will see follow-up attempts in the coming year, which also has three additional lunar missions on the schedule.<\/p>\n<p>Early in 2025, two lunar landers shared a ride atop SpaceX\u2019s Falcon 9. Launching on Jan. 15, Firefly Aerospace\u2019s Blue Ghost lander and ispace\u2019s Hakuto-R Mission 2 lander Resilience started their missions.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"\ud83d\ude80SpaceX Falcon 9 Launches Firefly Blue Ghost &amp; HAKUTO-R M2 \u201cResilience\u201d to the Moon\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/KWY-GFHcjik?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\" name=\"fitvid0\" data-gtm-yt-inspected-14=\"true\" data-gtm-yt-inspected-21=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Resilience took a slow but energy-efficient trajectory and arrived at the Moon for a landing attempt on June 5. Roughly 90 seconds before touchdown, ispace lost communications with the lander, which subsequently crashed into the lunar surface. In its investigation, the company traced the anomaly to the deteriorated performance of the spacecraft\u2019s Laser Range Finder.<\/p>\n<p>scientific<path d=\"M7.59009 18.59L9.00009 20L17.0001 12L9.00009 4L7.59009 5.41L14.1701 12\" style=\"animation: initial !important; background: initial !important; border: 0px !important; box-shadow: none !important; color: inherit !important; cursor: inherit !important; direction: inherit !important; display: inline !important; fill: currentcolor !important; filter: initial !important; float: none !important; margin: 0px !important; opacity: initial !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: initial !important; padding: 0px !important; stroke: initial !important; transform: initial !important; vertical-align: initial !important; visibility: inherit !important;\"><\/path>Telescopes<path d=\"M7.59009 18.59L9.00009 20L17.0001 12L9.00009 4L7.59009 5.41L14.1701 12\" style=\"animation: initial !important; background: initial !important; border: 0px !important; box-shadow: none !important; color: inherit !important; cursor: inherit !important; direction: inherit !important; display: inline !important; fill: currentcolor !important; filter: initial !important; float: none !important; margin: 0px !important; opacity: initial !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: initial !important; padding: 0px !important; stroke: initial !important; transform: initial !important; vertical-align: initial !important; visibility: inherit !important;\"><\/path>Astronomy<path d=\"M7.59009 18.59L9.00009 20L17.0001 12L9.00009 4L7.59009 5.41L14.1701 12\" style=\"animation: initial !important; background: initial !important; border: 0px !important; box-shadow: none !important; color: inherit !important; cursor: inherit !important; direction: inherit !important; display: inline !important; fill: currentcolor !important; filter: initial !important; float: none !important; margin: 0px !important; opacity: initial !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: initial !important; padding: 0px !important; stroke: initial !important; transform: initial !important; vertical-align: initial !important; visibility: inherit !important;\"><\/path>\n<p>     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, Blue Ghost arrived at the Moon on March 2, when it touched down successfully near Mons Latreille in Mare Crisium at the start of the lunar day. The landing marked the first fully successful lunar landing of a commercial vehicle. Blue Ghost operated its 10 science and technology payloads on the lunar surface until it shut down five hours into the lunar night on March 17.<\/p>\n<p>Firefly plans to follow up on this successful mission in 2026 with Blue Ghost Mission 2. Set to launch no earlier than (NET) November atop a Falcon 9, the lander will carry five payloads to the lunar surface. Among the payloads are NASA\u2019s Lunar Surface Electromagnetic Experiment at Night (LuSEE-Night), which will operate through the night and is set to become the first operational radio telescope on the Moon, and the United Arab Emirates\u2019 Rashid Rover 2.<\/p>\n<p>Blue Ghost mission 2 will also debut Firefly\u2019s Elytra Dark space tug, which will not only boost Blue Ghost to the Moon, but also insert the European Space Agency\u2019s (ESA) Lunar Pathfinder communications relay satellite into lunar orbit. Lunar Pathfinder and Elytra Dark will team up to provide communications for Blue Ghost after its landing.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Blue Ghost Moon Landing - 4 Incredible Angles of Firefly's Lunar Touchdown\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-mYgAidESqU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\" name=\"fitvid1\" data-gtm-yt-inspected-14=\"true\" data-gtm-yt-inspected-21=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>As Blue Ghost Mission 1 and Hakuto-R Resilience were making their way to the Moon in early 2025, Falcon 9 launched another mission destined for our celestial companion. The Intuitive Machines Nova-C lander Athena launched on Feb. 27, 2025, for the company\u2019s IM-2 mission. The spacecraft attempted a touchdown near the lunar south pole on March 6. Although Athena touched down softly, it fell over after landing like its predecessor on the IM-1 mission.<\/p>\n<p>Athena\u2019s unintended orientation prevented its solar panels from generating power, which cut the mission short. Regardless, mission controllers were able to operate NASA\u2019s Polar Resources Ice Mining Experiment 1 (PRIME-1) for a short period.<\/p>\n<p>Intuitive Machines plans to attempt its third Nova C mission in 2026, with IM-3 launching on a Falcon 9 in the second half of the year. The lander will carry payloads for NASA, ESA, and the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), among others.<\/p>\n<p>This year, Blue Origin will also attempt its first lunar landing with its Blue Moon Mark 1 craft. The uncrewed version of the company\u2019s Blue Moon lunar lander will launch atop a New Glenn as a pathfinder to test the BE-7 engine and various mission-critical systems. In 2025, NASA announced that its cancelled and later revived Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover (VIPER) would fly as a payload on Mark 1\u2019s second mission.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-111473\" class=\"size-full wp-image-111473\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/07-FLIPv2-DriveOut.4K1-2-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/07-FLIPv2-DriveOut.4K1-2-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/07-FLIPv2-DriveOut.4K1-2-350x197.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/07-FLIPv2-DriveOut.4K1-2-622x350.jpg 622w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/07-FLIPv2-DriveOut.4K1-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/07-FLIPv2-DriveOut.4K1-2-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/07-FLIPv2-DriveOut.4K1-2-1170x658.jpg 1170w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\"><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-111473\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist\u2019s impression of Astrolab\u2019s FLIP rover disembark ing Astrobotic\u2019s Griffin lander. (Credit: Astrolab\/Astrobotic)<\/p>\n<p>Before its cancellation, VIPER was set to fly on the first mission of Astrobotic\u2019s Griffin lander, which is now scheduled for July 2026. Instead of VIPER, the lander will carry Astrolab\u2019s FLEX Lunar Innovation Platform (FLIP) rover. FLIP is a prototype for Astrolab\u2019s FLEX rover, which the company has pitched for NASA\u2019s Artemis program.<\/p>\n<p>China is planning to launch its Chang\u2019e 7 mission this year and attempt a landing on the rim of Shackleton crater near the lunar south pole. The mission consists of an orbiter and a lander, both outfitted with payloads from international partners. The lander will also carry a rover and a small hopping probe.<\/p>\n<p>New missions to head for Mars as existing missions hit milestones and experience issues<\/p>\n<p>Robotic explorers have continued studying Mars, both from orbit and the planet\u2019s surface. One of NASA\u2019s Martian satellites suffered an issue near the end of the year. Meanwhile, two more missions are set to head for the red planet during the 2026 transfer window.<\/p>\n<p>On Nov. 13, 2025, NASA\u2019s twin ESCAPADE satellites launched on Blue Origin\u2019s second New Glenn mission. The rocket delivered the spacecraft on a course to the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 2, where they will await the opening of the Mars transfer window in November. After they arrive at Mars, the two satellites, named <em>Blue<\/em> and <em>Gold<\/em>, will study how the solar wind has been stripping away the Martian atmosphere over time.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Blue Origin Launches &amp; Lands New Glenn Flight 2 - NASA ESCAPADE Mission to Mars\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9sT4Hr-Il30?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\" name=\"fitvid2\" data-gtm-yt-inspected-14=\"true\" data-gtm-yt-inspected-21=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>A second mission destined for Mars will launch during the transfer window near the end of the year. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency\u2019s (JAXA) Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission will observe Phobos and Deimos. What\u2019s more, the spacecraft will attempt to collect a sample from Phobos\u2019 surface and deliver it to Earth by 2031.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"widget-title penci-border-arrow\">See Also<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Planetary science thread<\/li>\n<li>Space science section<\/li>\n<li>NSF store<\/li>\n<li>Click here to join L2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Meanwhile, NASA has been diagnosing a problem with its Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) satellite. In early December, the agency lost contact with the satellite when it failed to phone home after reappearing into view from Earth following an orbital pass behind the red planet. A small fragment of telemetry received after the incident started suggests the spacecraft was rotating and its orbit might have changed.<\/p>\n<p>NASA engineers had to pause the recovery effort in late December due to the Mars solar conjunction. During this event, the planet disappears behind the Sun from Earth\u2019s perspective, which inhibits communication with any Martian spacecraft. The agency plans to try to recontact MAVEN after the Mars solar conjunction ends on Jan. 16.<\/p>\n<p>Down on the planet\u2019s surface, NASA\u2019s <em>Curiosity<\/em> and <em>Perseverance<\/em> rovers have continued roaming around and performing science.<\/p>\n<p>Last year, the scientific community continued research into the Cheyava Falls rock, found on a rocky outcrop on the edge of an ancient river valley. <em>Perseverance<\/em> encountered and studied the rock in July 2024, and scientists have since tried to understand the possible mechanisms behind the rock\u2019s distinct leopard spots. A 2025 study concluded that excretion by microbial life is the most likely explanation for the pattern. Although more research is needed, the study strengthened the finding\u2019s position as a potential biosignature.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"What did NASA's Rover Actually Find on Mars?\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Z7kw7MXEktw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\" name=\"fitvid3\" data-gtm-yt-inspected-14=\"true\" data-gtm-yt-inspected-21=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>In 2025, <em>Perseverance<\/em> surpassed <em>Curiosity<\/em> in terms of distance traveled on the Red Planet\u2019s surface, logging a total of 39.96 km by the end of the year, whereas <em>Curiosity<\/em> had amassed 36.16 km since its landing in 2012. If <em>Perseverance<\/em> continues traveling at this rate, the rover will likely break <em>Opportunity\u2019s<\/em> all-time extraterrestrial driving distance record of 45.16 km sometime in 2026.<\/p>\n<p>Exploration continues across the Solar System<\/p>\n<p>Throughout the rest of the Solar System, 2025 was dominated by asteroid-related discoveries.<\/p>\n<p>At the start of the year, the astronomical community tracked asteroid 2024 YR4, following its discovery on Dec 27, 2024. Initial observations of 2024 YR4 suggested a small chance of the asteroid impacting Earth on Dec 22, 2032, but subsequent observations refined the predictions and ruled out a collision with our planet. NASA has since determined the asteroid poses no danger to Earth in 2032 and beyond, although the asteroid still has a small, 3.8%, chance of impacting the Moon in 2032.<\/p>\n<p>Later in the year, observatories throughout the solar system focused on another object, the third interstellar visitor 3I\/ATLAS. Discovered on July 1 by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS), the first interstellar comet came closest to the Sun on Oct. 29, passing at a distance of 1.36 astronomical units (AU) \u2014 1.36 times the distance between Earth and the Sun. As the object found its way through the Solar System, the astronomical community used many instruments to study it, including <em>Perseverance\u2019s<\/em> Mastcam-Z camera.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"What NASA Really Found On This Asteroid | This Week in Spaceflight\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kzg0yCgDiwg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\" name=\"fitvid4\" data-gtm-yt-inspected-14=\"true\" data-gtm-yt-inspected-21=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>NASA bookended 2025 by announcing essential building blocks of life had been found in samples returned from asteroid Bennu. The first study, published in late January 2025, found essential building blocks of life, including all five nucleobases and 14 of the 20 amino acids used by life on Earth, in a small part of the sample returned by NASA\u2019s OSIRIS-REx mission in 2023. The Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security, Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) sampled Bennu in 2020 and collected more than double the amount of material than planned.<\/p>\n<p>In early December, an additional study led by Yoshihiro Furukawa of Tohoku University in Japan found the bio-essential sugars ribose and glucose in the asteroid material, meaning all materials required to form RNA are present in Bennu\u2019s samples. Although no traces of life have been identified in the samples, the discovery implies that the early Solar System could have supported a hypothesized RNA-based precursor to life.<\/p>\n<p>On April 20, 2025, NASA\u2019s Lucy mission flew by asteroid Donaldjohanson in the asteroid belt\u2019s inner regions, while on its way to study Jupiter\u2019s Trojan asteroids. The flyby provided the first-ever close-up views of the asteroid, taken with Lucy\u2019s high-resolution Lucy Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (L\u2019LORRI). The new images revealed Donaldjohanson is a contact binary made up of two touching bodies.<\/p>\n<p>Asteroid exploration continues in 2026 with the arrival of ESA\u2019s Hera mission at Didymos and its companion Dimorphos. Hera will study the binary system and the impact left after NASA\u2019s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission intentionally collided with Dimorphos in 2022. Hera flew by Mars in March 2025 to change its trajectory, allowing the teams to test the spacecraft\u2019s instruments on the red planet.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-80893\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80893\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Hera_mission_family_portrait-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1727\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Hera_mission_family_portrait-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Hera_mission_family_portrait-350x236.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Hera_mission_family_portrait-519x350.jpg 519w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Hera_mission_family_portrait-768x518.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Hera_mission_family_portrait-1920x1295.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Hera_mission_family_portrait-1170x789.jpg 1170w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\"><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-80893\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist Impression of Hera\u2019s mission at Dimorphos. (Credit: ESA)<\/p>\n<p>In October, ESA announced that the spacecraft\u2019s good performance allowed the mission team to design more aggressive maneuvers. This will allow Hera to arrive a month before schedule, in November 2026.<\/p>\n<p>Another ESA mission is set to arrive at its destination that same month. On Nov. 6, the joint ESA-JAXA BepiColombo mission will enter orbit around Mercury after an eight-year journey. The route to the Solar System\u2019s innermost planet involved six Mercury flybys and was delayed by a year following a power glitch in 2024.<\/p>\n<p>Once at its destination, BepiColombo will deploy ESA\u2019s Mercury Planetary Orbiter and JAXA\u2019s Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter, which will start their science operations in early 2027.<\/p>\n<p>Moving closer to the Sun than any spacecraft, NASA\u2019s Parker Solar Probe performed the final perihelion, or closest approach to the Sun, of its nominal mission on June 19, 2025. Although the spacecraft has performed two more solar encounters since, on Sept. 16 and Dec. 13, NASA has yet to decide on a possible mission extension.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-107224\" class=\"wp-image-107224 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Solar_Orbiter_s_view_of_the_Sun_s_south_pole-e1750022561182.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1888\" height=\"1117\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Solar_Orbiter_s_view_of_the_Sun_s_south_pole-e1750022561182.png 1888w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Solar_Orbiter_s_view_of_the_Sun_s_south_pole-e1750022561182-350x207.png 350w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Solar_Orbiter_s_view_of_the_Sun_s_south_pole-e1750022561182-592x350.png 592w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Solar_Orbiter_s_view_of_the_Sun_s_south_pole-e1750022561182-768x454.png 768w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Solar_Orbiter_s_view_of_the_Sun_s_south_pole-e1750022561182-1170x692.png 1170w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1888px) 100vw, 1888px\"><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-107224\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Solar Orbiter\u2019s image of the Sun\u2019s south pole. (Credit: ESA\/NASA\/Solar Orbiter\/EUI Team\/D. Berghmans (ROB))<\/p>\n<p>The European Space Agency\u2019s Solar Orbiter became the first spacecraft to image the Sun\u2019s poles in 2025. During a Venus flyby in February, the spacecraft changed its orbit to leave the ecliptic plane for the first time, allowing a view of the Sun\u2019s poles. In the coming years, the spacecraft will further increase the inclination of its orbit, starting with another Venus flyby on Dec. 24, 2026, which will raise it from 17 degrees to 24 degrees.<\/p>\n<p>Solar Orbiter didn\u2019t study Venus during its February flyby, but 2025 did see the release of a study of the Venusian atmosphere. A Japanese team of scientists used data from Japan\u2019s Himawari 8 and Himawari 9 weather satellites to study our planetary neighbor. The satellites occasionally observe Venus when it\u2019s seen near Earth\u2019s rim. Analyzing these observations, the team demonstrated that weather satellites can be used to fill in data between dedicated missions to Venus.<\/p>\n<p>New space telescopes come online<\/p>\n<p>Three new space-based observatories were launched in 2025, while other telescopes continued to make observations and reveal the secrets of our universe. However, the year also spelled the end for a storied observatory.<\/p>\n<p>On Jan. 15, the European Space Agency\u2019s (ESA) Gaia observatory officially ceased science operations, with final contact and spacecraft deactivation occurring on March 27. Gaia launched to the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 2 in December 2013, where it performed astrometry and curated the largest three-dimensional catalog of space objects. Processing of Gaia\u2019s data is ongoing, with the final catalog estimated to contain over one billion cosmic objects.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-111273\" class=\"size-full wp-image-111273\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/e1c-SPHEREx_all_sky_map_gas-dust-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/e1c-SPHEREx_all_sky_map_gas-dust-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/e1c-SPHEREx_all_sky_map_gas-dust-350x197.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/e1c-SPHEREx_all_sky_map_gas-dust-622x350.jpg 622w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/e1c-SPHEREx_all_sky_map_gas-dust-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/e1c-SPHEREx_all_sky_map_gas-dust-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/e1c-SPHEREx_all_sky_map_gas-dust-1170x658.jpg 1170w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\"><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-111273\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">SPHEREx\u2019s first map, as seen through infrared light emitted by dust and hot gas. Dust appears red, while hot gas appears blue. (Credit: NASA\/JPL-Caltech)<\/p>\n<p>NASA\u2019s Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer (SPHEREx) near-infrared observatory launched on a Falcon 9 in March, with the four Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere (PUNCH) satellites launching to Sun-synchronous orbit alongside SPHEREx.<\/p>\n<p>SPHEREx finished commissioning in April and completed its first of four all-sky maps in December, observing the sky at 102 unique near-infrared wavelengths. Analyses of the map will inform scientists about the universe\u2019s rapid inflation in the immediate moments after the Big Bang, as well as the distribution of organic molecules throughout the universe. Meanwhile, the four PUNCH satellites began observing the Sun during the summer of 2025, making three-dimensional measurements of the Sun\u2019s inner heliosphere. These observations will allow scientists to study the origins of solar wind.<\/p>\n<p>Another NASA observatory launched atop a Falcon 9 in September: the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP). IMAP is a heliophysics mission that will investigate the heliosphere, the vast bubble around our solar system that is created from the Sun\u2019s wind. After arriving at the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (L1), IMAP and its suite of 10 instruments successfully recorded their first measurements on Dec. 16, with preliminary science data collection beginning soon after.<\/p>\n<p>Throughout the year, the existing fleet of space telescopes facilitated discoveries across the universe. In January, scientists combined the power of the James Webb Space Telescope, Hubble, and the Atacama Large Millimeter\/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to study a protoplanetary disk in extreme detail. Later in the year, Webb discovered a rapidly growing, supermassive black hole in one of the farthest galaxies ever observed. Meanwhile, scientists used Hubble to investigate a Pluto-like object falling into a white dwarf 260 light-years from Earth.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-105873\" class=\"size-full wp-image-105873\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Galaxies_in_different_shapes_captured_by_Euclid_small.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Galaxies_in_different_shapes_captured_by_Euclid_small.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Galaxies_in_different_shapes_captured_by_Euclid_small-350x197.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Galaxies_in_different_shapes_captured_by_Euclid_small-622x350.jpg 622w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Galaxies_in_different_shapes_captured_by_Euclid_small-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Galaxies_in_different_shapes_captured_by_Euclid_small-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Galaxies_in_different_shapes_captured_by_Euclid_small-1170x658.jpg 1170w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\"><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-105873\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Collage of galaxies in different shapes selected from Euclid\u2019s Q1 release by Zoobot. (Credit: ESA\/Euclid\/Euclid Consortium\/NASA, image processing by M. Walmsley, M. Huertas-Company, J.-C. Cuillandre)<\/p>\n<p>Quick Data Release 1 (Q1) from ESA\u2019s Euclid wide-angle telescope, which launched in July 2023 atop a Falcon 9, was released on March 19. Providing data on three deep fields produced by Euclid, the release featured a vast catalogue of galaxies and Einstein rings, covering a 63-square-degree portion of the sky.<\/p>\n<p>In 2026, NASA and ESA will launch three more space-based telescopes and continue releasing data from groundbreaking missions such as Euclid and the James Webb Space Telescope.<\/p>\n<p>The joint ESA and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Solar Wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) mission is set to launch atop a Vega-C rocket on April 8, 2026. SMILE will investigate how Earth\u2019s magnetosphere interacts with solar wind using soft X-ray and ultraviolet light. Observations will be collected from a highly elliptical Earth orbit, with SMILE\u2019s apogee altitude set to be around 121,000 km.<\/p>\n<p>Next, the highly anticipated launch of NASA\u2019s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is expected in October 2026 atop a SpaceX Falcon 9. An infrared wide-field survey telescope, Roman will use its 288-megapixel Wide Field Instrument (WFI) camera to perform sky surveys with a resolution similar to that of Hubble, while producing images nearly 200 times larger than Hubble\u2019s Wide Field Camera 3. Roman will also carry the Coronagraph Instrument (CGI), which will be used to detect exoplanets.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-111132\" class=\"wp-image-111132 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/54964048526_f58a55299c_k.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/54964048526_f58a55299c_k.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/54964048526_f58a55299c_k-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/54964048526_f58a55299c_k-525x350.jpg 525w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/54964048526_f58a55299c_k-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/54964048526_f58a55299c_k-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/54964048526_f58a55299c_k-1170x780.jpg 1170w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/54964048526_f58a55299c_k-585x390.jpg 585w, https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/54964048526_f58a55299c_k-263x175.jpg 263w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\"><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-111132\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roman team members look at the fully constructed telescope at the Goddard Space Flight Center. (Credit: NASA\/Jolearra Tshitey)<\/p>\n<p>Construction of the Roman telescope was completed at the end of November, and the telescope is now undergoing final testing at NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland. NASA expects Roman to be shipped to Florida for launch later this summer.<\/p>\n<p>The second of two ESA telescopes to launch in 2026, Planetary Transits and Oscillations of Stars (PLATO), is expected to launch in December 2026 atop an Ariane 62. As its name suggests, PLATO is an exoplanet mission that will investigate and search for exoplanet transits across their host stars. PLATO will study up to one million stars and aims to discover and characterize Earth-like exoplanets orbiting within their host stars\u2019 habitable zones. PLATO also intends to study seismic activity within host stars, informing theories on stellar masses and evolution.<\/p>\n<p>Outside of new telescope launches, Euclid is set to have a big year in 2026, with two major data releases. The first, Quick Data Release 2 (Q2), is expected to be released on June 24, 2026, and focus on Euclid\u2019s survey of the Milky Way\u2019s inner galactic bulge. This survey was performed on March 23, 2025, and will be a collaborative study with NASA\u2019s upcoming Roman telescope.<\/p>\n<p>The second Euclid data release in 2026, Data Release 1 (DR1), will be released on Oct. 21, 2026. While the Quick Data Releases feature data collected over only a few weeks of observations and cover Euclid\u2019s \u201clegacy science\u201d mission, DR1 will feature the first 1,900 square degrees of the main Euclid survey and much of the data it has collected since its launch in 2023. DR1 will also be the first Euclid data release to contain data specifically collected for the study of dark matter and dark energy.<\/p>\n<p><em>(Lead image: Left: Blue Ghost\u2019s shadow after landing on the Moon. (Credit: Firefly Aerospace) Center: Webb NIRCam image of star cluster Pismis 24. (Credit: NASA\/ESA\/CSA\/STScI\/A. Pagan) Right: Artist\u2019s impression of NASA\u2019s twin ESCAPADE satellites entering Martian orbit. (Credit: James Rattray\/Rocket Lab USA))<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With many missions on the manifest, the new year promises to be packed with space science. Two interplanetary spacecraft will arrive at their destinations as another Mars window opens in late 2026. Meanwhile, multiple space telescopes have their launch dates set for this year, and the schedule promises an increased cadence for lunar missions. The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[1519,1661,1690,2039,1181,1508,7822,3475,1539,3226,1635,1286,4259,1691,367,3370,2040,1664,625,680,1111,1527,1863,1633,1561,7928,7814,4895,2169,7061,899,7929,3451,7930],"class_list":["post-23612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","tag-asteroids","tag-astronomy","tag-astrophysics","tag-bepicolombo","tag-blue-ghost","tag-blue-moon","tag-change-7","tag-earth","tag-euclid","tag-gaia","tag-hakuto-r","tag-hera","tag-hubble","tag-jwst","tag-mars","tag-maven","tag-mercury","tag-mmx","tag-moon","tag-nancy-grace-roman-space-telescope","tag-nova-c","tag-osiris-rex","tag-parker-solar-probe","tag-perseverance","tag-planetary-science","tag-plato","tag-rovers","tag-science","tag-solar-orbiter","tag-space-science","tag-spherex","tag-telescopes","tag-venus","tag-webb"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23612"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23612"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23612\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23612"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23612"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}