{"id":73460,"date":"2015-08-18T19:34:39","date_gmt":"2015-08-18T11:34:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp-productionenv-bjg9h2g2bgg5b8aa.southeastasia-01.azurewebsites.net\/news\/competing-for-space-business-level-playing-fields\/"},"modified":"2015-08-18T19:34:39","modified_gmt":"2015-08-18T11:34:39","slug":"competing-for-space-business-level-playing-fields","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/news\/competing-for-space-business-level-playing-fields\/","title":{"rendered":"Competing for Space Business \u2013  Level Playing Fields"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In the business of space there is much competition between states. Many governments are competing to attract companies to submit ITU filings through their national administration or to apply for launch or space operations licenses from their launch authority. The benefits to the state would come with the ancillary setting up of an office, possibly a headquarters, a TT&amp;C facility, foreign investment, recruitment of skilled employees etc. \u2014 several of which may be conditions to the submission of the ITU filing or the license application.<\/p>\n<p>In another move to encourage the \u201cOpen for Business\u201d message and showing its commitment to the sector, the U.K. government have capped the previously unlimited liability on U.K. satellite operators pursuant to the U.K. Outer Space Act 1986 to 60 million euros ($66.28 million) for most missions. The Deregulation Act 2015, which implemented this change, received Royal assent on 26 March 2015. This has taken several years to implement, however. It was back in March 2011 when George Osborne promised that \u201cTo create a level playing field with other countries, the government will reform the Outer Space Act 1986 by introducing an upper limit on liability for U.K. operators.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/pFs3REdzTSyMVbR17i13_01_VS_090115_Cover_DGTL-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"width: 120px; height: auto;\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/pFs3REdzTSyMVbR17i13_01_VS_090115_Cover_DGTL-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/pFs3REdzTSyMVbR17i13_01_VS_090115_Cover_DGTL-800x599.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/pFs3REdzTSyMVbR17i13_01_VS_090115_Cover_DGTL-640x480.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/pFs3REdzTSyMVbR17i13_01_VS_090115_Cover_DGTL.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\t\t\t<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"fs-5 mt-0\">Explore the September 2015 Issue<\/h3>\n<p class=\"mb-0 fs-smaller text-balance\">Check out more from this issue and find your next story to read.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t<button class=\"btn btn-primary\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"offcanvas\" data-bs-target=\"#offcanvasMENU\" aria-controls=\"offcanvasExample\" aria-label=\"button\" style=\"white-space: nowrap;\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\tView More <i class=\"bi bi-arrow-right-circle\"><\/i><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/button><\/p>\n<h2>Unlimited Indemnity vs. Risk Sharing<\/h2>\n<p>The U.K. government, as with the governments of other space faring nations, is liable under international treaties \u2014 primarily the Outer Space Treaty and the Liability Convention \u2014 for damage caused by activities in outer space by entities under its jurisdiction. The U.K. government sought to transfer its responsibility for these international obligations to the commercial or public entities, as appropriate, seeking to launch or operate space objects and which require licenses to do so.<\/p>\n<p>Section 10 of the Outer Space Act obliges licensed entities to indemnify the U.K. government fully against any third-party liability claims that may be brought against the government. This represented an unlimited liability on licensees \u2014 a concept which offers little financial certainty when fund raising and, compared with other space faring nations, poses a competitive disadvantage to U.K. operators.<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Placeholder alt text\" src=\"http:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/marquee-test-akiaisur2rgicbmpehea\/j6IR48eQgSmqULOYybXB_RSSC_VS_0915.jpg\"><\/figure>\n<p>Currently, the licensing governmental authority in other countries such as the United States, Sweden and Australia and France, in relation to launch-phase liability, may accept liability for damage above the level covered by insurance; the liability of an operator is therefore capped by the level of insurance cover.<\/p>\n<p><script>var AIAD_fcd45f981d570e35cee941b23edc69c7_6a6cd767700c8;googletag.cmd.push(function(){var AIMAP_29b58f13885ebf8ea6b032f958eb0748 = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([992, 100], [[970, 90], [970, 250]]).addSize([768, 100], [728, 90]).addSize([320, 100], [320, 50]).build();var AIMAP_737ce075cc05dd766c8f8ea08f3faa73 = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([768, 100], [728, 90]).addSize([320, 100], [320, 50]).build();var AIMAP_21fe3bcfb86a8660aba4e721ee9338f3 = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1200, 100], [970, 250]).addSize([768, 100], [600, 300]).addSize([320, 100], [300, 250]).build();AIAD_fcd45f981d570e35cee941b23edc69c7_6a6cd767700c8 = googletag.defineSlot('\/987\/satellitetoday.com\/via-satellite-digital-issue-ads', [ [600, 300], [300, 250], [970, 250] ], 'div-gpt-ad-1774631144891- 0-6a6cd767700c9').defineSizeMapping(AIMAP_21fe3bcfb86a8660aba4e721ee9338f3).setCollapseEmptyDiv(true).addService(googletag.pubads());   });<\/script><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1774631144891- 0-6a6cd767700c9'); });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>In the United States, an operator is responsible for insuring Maximum Probable Loss (MPL) up to $500 million covering the launch participants and the U.S. government, and any contractors as additional insureds. The amount of insurance becomes the operator\u2019s possible liability to the U.S. government, offering some certainty. The U.S. government then indemnifies the operator in relation to third party claims up to $1.5 billion above the required MPL insurance. In effect, the government shares the risk with the operator.<\/p>\n<p>At no cost to the taxpayer, the U.S. government passes the responsibility of the MPL insurance to the operator by requiring it to obtain insurance cover. In turn, the U.S. government covers more remote liabilities in excess of the MPL.<\/p>\n<h2>Unlimited vs. Limited Liability in Europe<\/h2>\n<p>Six EU member states have implemented a national space law: Austria, Belgium, France, The Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Luxembourg acts through a concession agreement with operators. Satellite operators in Austria, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom are required to take out around 60 million euros in third party liability insurance cover. In other EU member states, including Belgium and Sweden, operators tend to take out such insurance purely on a voluntary basis.<\/p>\n<p>Concerning in-orbit satellite operations, satellite operators in Europe are either exposed to an unlimited liability risk for damages in outer space (Austria, France, Luxembourg, Sweden and previously the United Kingdom) or benefit from a capped liability or state warranty (Belgium and the Netherlands).<\/p>\n<p>Most operators in EU member states are licensed in France and the United Kingdom; about 50 licenses were granted in United Kingdom alone in the last five years. Only two licenses were granted in Belgium and the Netherlands in the same time period, even though in these states the liability of the satellite operator is capped. <strong>VS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>,<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"widget-title\">In This Issue<\/h2>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t<!-- post id 138:  \/code\/wp-content\/themes\/ai-beehive\/template-parts\/content\/post-snippet.php --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"overflow-hidden w-100 me-3\">\n<p>\t<img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/HJSJ6BEfQOOK9y7foM0L_07_VS_090115_Ft2_DGTL_p35_43-300x225.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/HJSJ6BEfQOOK9y7foM0L_07_VS_090115_Ft2_DGTL_p35_43-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/HJSJ6BEfQOOK9y7foM0L_07_VS_090115_Ft2_DGTL_p35_43-800x599.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/HJSJ6BEfQOOK9y7foM0L_07_VS_090115_Ft2_DGTL_p35_43-640x480.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/HJSJ6BEfQOOK9y7foM0L_07_VS_090115_Ft2_DGTL_p35_43.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"fs-4 w-100 line-clamp-3\">\n<p>\t\t\t\tBroadcasters Ready to Move Faster into 4K<br \/>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n<p><!-- .post-snippet --><\/p>\n<hr class=\"my-3 d-block d-md-none\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- post id 142:  \/code\/wp-content\/themes\/ai-beehive\/template-parts\/content\/post-snippet.php --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"overflow-hidden w-100 me-3\">\n<p>\t<img width=\"300\" height=\"169\" src=\"https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/q2l2IKRSfGK1LLxFzJvx_Generation20Next-300x169.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/q2l2IKRSfGK1LLxFzJvx_Generation20Next-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/q2l2IKRSfGK1LLxFzJvx_Generation20Next-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/q2l2IKRSfGK1LLxFzJvx_Generation20Next-640x360.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/q2l2IKRSfGK1LLxFzJvx_Generation20Next.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"fs-4 w-100 line-clamp-3\">\n<p>\t\t\t\tGeneration Next: Steven Fisher, Intelsat<br \/>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n<p><!-- .post-snippet --><\/p>\n<hr class=\"my-3\">\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t<!-- post id 137:  \/code\/wp-content\/themes\/ai-beehive\/template-parts\/content\/post-snippet.php --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"overflow-hidden w-100 me-3\">\n<p>\t<img width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/ebZ7ohxhQ62ZFttxUNZt_05_VS_090115_Ft1_DGTL_p20_28-300x225.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/ebZ7ohxhQ62ZFttxUNZt_05_VS_090115_Ft1_DGTL_p20_28-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/ebZ7ohxhQ62ZFttxUNZt_05_VS_090115_Ft1_DGTL_p20_28-800x599.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/ebZ7ohxhQ62ZFttxUNZt_05_VS_090115_Ft1_DGTL_p20_28-640x480.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/ebZ7ohxhQ62ZFttxUNZt_05_VS_090115_Ft1_DGTL_p20_28.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"fs-4 w-100 line-clamp-3\">\n<p>\t\t\t\tNew Tech: US Military\u2019s New Space Technology Ambitions<br \/>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n<p><!-- .post-snippet --><\/p>\n<hr class=\"my-3 d-block d-md-none\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- post id 143:  \/code\/wp-content\/themes\/ai-beehive\/template-parts\/content\/post-snippet.php --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"overflow-hidden w-100 me-3\">\n<p>\t<img width=\"300\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/XfPRuPGtQWWCd5kh6jD8_EarthMap-300x150.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/XfPRuPGtQWWCd5kh6jD8_EarthMap-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/XfPRuPGtQWWCd5kh6jD8_EarthMap-800x400.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/XfPRuPGtQWWCd5kh6jD8_EarthMap-640x320.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/XfPRuPGtQWWCd5kh6jD8_EarthMap.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"fs-4 w-100 line-clamp-3\">\n<p>\t\t\t\tRegional Roundup: September 2015<br \/>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n<p><!-- .post-snippet --><\/p>\n<hr class=\"my-3\">\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t<!-- post id 139:  \/code\/wp-content\/themes\/ai-beehive\/template-parts\/content\/post-snippet.php --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"overflow-hidden w-100 me-3\">\n<p>\t<img width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Benqcx0nTLe3JBnrSRXM_08_VS_090115_Ft3_DGTL_p44-300x225.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Benqcx0nTLe3JBnrSRXM_08_VS_090115_Ft3_DGTL_p44-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Benqcx0nTLe3JBnrSRXM_08_VS_090115_Ft3_DGTL_p44-800x599.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Benqcx0nTLe3JBnrSRXM_08_VS_090115_Ft3_DGTL_p44-640x480.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Benqcx0nTLe3JBnrSRXM_08_VS_090115_Ft3_DGTL_p44.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"fs-4 w-100 line-clamp-3\">\n<p>\t\t\t\tThe  Evolving  Role of Satellite in Modern Newsgathering<br \/>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n<p><!-- .post-snippet --><\/p>\n<hr class=\"my-3 d-block d-md-none\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- post id 136:  \/code\/wp-content\/themes\/ai-beehive\/template-parts\/content\/post-snippet.php --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"overflow-hidden w-100 me-3\">\n<p>\t<img width=\"300\" height=\"188\" src=\"https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/z7Ii36l5Qn28g0GFMRg0_abstract_color_background_picture_8016-wide-300x188.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/z7Ii36l5Qn28g0GFMRg0_abstract_color_background_picture_8016-wide-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/z7Ii36l5Qn28g0GFMRg0_abstract_color_background_picture_8016-wide-800x500.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/z7Ii36l5Qn28g0GFMRg0_abstract_color_background_picture_8016-wide-640x400.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/z7Ii36l5Qn28g0GFMRg0_abstract_color_background_picture_8016-wide.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"fs-4 w-100 line-clamp-3\">\n<p>\t\t\t\tThe \u2018Big Three\u2019 Make Waves and Place Their Bets<br \/>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n<p><!-- .post-snippet --><\/p>\n<hr class=\"my-3\">\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t<!-- post id 141:  \/code\/wp-content\/themes\/ai-beehive\/template-parts\/content\/post-snippet.php --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"overflow-hidden w-100 me-3\">\n<p>\t<img width=\"300\" height=\"188\" src=\"https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/VP6mOOjeRROCH73PLRnf_background-wallpapers-32-300x188.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/VP6mOOjeRROCH73PLRnf_background-wallpapers-32-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/VP6mOOjeRROCH73PLRnf_background-wallpapers-32-800x500.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/VP6mOOjeRROCH73PLRnf_background-wallpapers-32-640x400.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.satellitetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/VP6mOOjeRROCH73PLRnf_background-wallpapers-32.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"fs-4 w-100 line-clamp-3\">\n<p>\t\t\t\tThe United Arab Emirates: MENA\u2019s Space Pioneers<br \/>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n<p><!-- .post-snippet --><\/p>\n<hr class=\"my-3 d-block d-md-none\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the business of space there is much competition between states. Many governments are competing to attract companies to submit ITU filings through their national administration or to apply for launch or space operations licenses from their launch authority. The benefits to the state would come with the ancillary setting up of an office, possibly [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":73462,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-73460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73460"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=73460"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73460\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/73462"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73460"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=73460"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=73460"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}