![\"NASA\u2019s](\"https:\/\/cdn.satnow.com\/news\/1703742644354_638393394491283135.png\")
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NASA\u2019s<\/strong> Juno spacecraft will make the closest flyby of Jupiter\u2019s moon Io, that any spacecraft has made in over 20 years, on Saturday, Dec. 30<\/span>. Coming within roughly 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) from the surface of the most volcanic world in our solar system, the pass is expected to allow Juno instruments to generate a firehose of data.<\/p>\n \u201cBy combining data from this flyby with our previous observations, the Juno science team is studying how Io\u2019s volcanoes vary,<\/em>\u201d said Juno\u2019s principal investigator, Scott Bolton<\/strong> of the Southwest Research Institute<\/strong> in San Antonio, Texas. \u201cWe are looking for how often they erupt, how bright and hot they are, how the shape of the lava flow changes, and how Io\u2019s activity is connected to the flow of charged particles in Jupiter\u2019s magnetosphere.\u201d<\/p>\n A second ultra-close flyby of Io is scheduled for Feb. 3, 2024, in which Juno will again come within about 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) of the surface.<\/p>\n The spacecraft has been monitoring Io\u2019s volcanic activity from distances ranging from about 6,830 miles (11,000 kilometers) to over 62,100 miles (100,000 kilometers), and has provided the first views of the moon\u2019s north and south poles. The spacecraft has also performed close flybys of Jupiter\u2019s icy moons Ganymede and Europa.<\/p>\n \u201cWith our pair of close flybys in December and February, Juno will investigate the source of Io\u2019s massive volcanic activity, whether a magma ocean exists underneath its crust, and the importance of tidal forces from Jupiter, which are relentlessly squeezing this tortured moon,\u201d said Bolton<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Now in the third year of its extended mission to investigate the origin of Jupiter, the solar-powered spacecraft will also explore the ring system where some of the gas giant\u2019s inner moons reside.<\/p>\n All three cameras aboard Juno will be active during the Io flyby. The Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM)<\/strong>, which takes images in infrared, will be collecting the heat signatures emitted by volcanoes and calderas covering the moon\u2019s surface. The mission\u2019s Stellar Reference Unit (a navigational star camera that has also provided valuable science) will obtain the highest-resolution image of the surface to date. And the JunoCam imager will take visible-light color images.<\/p>\n JunoCam <\/strong>was included on the spacecraft for the public\u2019s engagement and was designed to operate for up to eight flybys of Jupiter. The upcoming flyby of Io will be Juno\u2019s 57th orbit around Jupiter, where the spacecraft and cameras have endured one of the solar system\u2019s most punishing radiation environments.<\/p>\n \u201cThe cumulative effects of all that radiation has begun to show on JunoCam over the last few orbits<\/em>,\u201d said Ed Hirst<\/strong>, project manager of Juno at NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory<\/strong> in Southern California. \u201cPictures from the last flyby show a reduction in the imager\u2019s dynamic range and the appearance of \u2018striping\u2019 noise. Our engineering team has been working on solutions to alleviate the radiation damage and to keep the imager going.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" NASA\u2019s Juno spacecraft will make the closest flyby of Jupiter\u2019s moon Io, that any spacecraft has made in over 20 years, on Saturday, Dec. 30. Coming within roughly 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) from the surface of the most volcanic world in our solar system, the pass is expected to allow Juno instruments to generate a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[26,25],"class_list":["post-7838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","tag-ground","tag-launch"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7838"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7838"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7838\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/starpath.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}